Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sensing epinephrine with an ITO electrode modified with an imprinted chitosan film containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes and a polymerized ionic liquid

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Microchimica Acta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We report on a sensor for epinephrine (EP) that is based on an ITO electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes pre-coated with a polymerized ionic liquid (PIL-MWNTs). A chitosan film was then electrodeposited on the ITO electrode in the presence of EP (the template) and the PIL-MWNTs. This film acts as an excellent recognition matrix due to its excellent film-forming ability and the many functional groups that favor hydrogen bond formation with the target (EP). The PIL-MWNTs, in turn, can improve the sensing performance due to their good electrical conductivity, high dispersity, and large surface area. The imprinted films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The electrochemistry of the imprinted electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The response to EP is linear in the 0.2 μM to 0.67 mM concentration range, and the detection limit is as low as 60 nM (at an S/N of 3). The electrode is reusable and offers good reproducibility and stability.

An epinephrine imprinted electrode was facile achieved by electrodepositing chitosan on ITO surface in the presence of epinephrine and polymerized ionic liquid-functionalized carbon nanotubes, followed by removal of the epinephrine template molecule. Specific recognition of EP molecule and its determination were realized at this imprinted sensor.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Scheme 2
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Carrera V, Sabater E, Vilanova E, Sogorb MA (2007) A simple and rapid HPLC–MS method for the simultaneous determination of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine: application to the secretion of bovine chromaffin cell cultures. J Chromatogr B 847(2):88–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Fotopoulou MA, Ioannou PC (2002) Post-column terbium complexation and sensitized fluorescence detection for the determination of norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine using high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 462:179–185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Qiu H, Luo C, Sun M, Lu F, Fan L, Li X (2012) A chemiluminescence sensor for determination of epinephrine using graphene oxide—magnetite-molecularly imprinted polymers. Carbon 50(11):4052–4060

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Wei S, Song G, Lin J-M (2005) Separation and determination of norepinephrine, epinephrine and isoprinaline enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis in pharmaceutical formulation and human serum. J Chromatogr A 1098(1–2):166–171

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Goyal RN, Rana ARS, Chasta H (2012) Electrochemical and peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of epinephrine. Electrochim Acta 59:492–498

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Chandrashekar BN, Kumara Swamy BE, Ashoka NB, Pandurangachar M (2012) Simultaneous electrochemical determination of epinephrine and uric acid at 1-butyl-4-methyl-pyridinium tetrafluroborate ionic liquid modified carbon paste electrode: a voltammetric study. J Mol Liq 165:168–172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhou Y, He M, Huang C, Dong S, Zheng J (2012) A novel and simple biosensor based on poly(indoleacetic acid) film and its application for simultaneous electrochemical determination of dopamine and epinephrine in the presence of ascorbic acid. J Solid State Electrochem 16(6):2203–2210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Xia L, Chen MF, Ma XY (2012) Selective determination of epinephrine in the presence of ascorbic acid using a glassy carbon electrode modified with graphene. Anal Sci 28:147–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Yogeswaran U, Thiagarajan S, Chen S-M (2007) Nanocomposite of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes with nafion, nano platinum, and nano gold biosensing film for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, epinephrine, and uric acid. Anal Biochem 365(1):122–131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Luo LQ, Li F, Zhu LM, Ding YP, Zhang Z, Deng DG, Lu B (2012) Simultaneous determination of epinephrine and uric acid at ordered mesoporous carbon modified glassy carbon electrode. Anal Meth 4:2417–2422

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Beitollahi H, Mohadesi A, Mahani SK, Akbari A (2012) Application of a modified carbon nanotube paste electrode for simultaneous determination of epinephrine, uric acid and folic acid. Anal Meth 4:1029–1035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Chen L, Xu S, Li J (2011) Recente advances in molecular imprinting technology: current status, challenges and highlighted applications. Chem Soc Rev 40(5):2922

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Rezaei B, Rahmanian O, Ensafi AA (2012) Sensing Lorazepam with a glassy carbon electrode coated with an electropolymerized-imprinted polymer modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles. Microchim Acta 180(1–2):33–39

    Google Scholar 

  14. Li H, Liu R, Zhao R-X, Zheng Y-F, Chen W-X, Xu Z-D (2006) Morphology control of electrodeposited Cu2O crystals in aqueous solutions using room temperature hydrophilic ionic liquids. Cryst Growth Des 6:2795–2798

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Liu B, Tang D, Zhang B, Que X, Yang H, Chen G (2013) Au(III)-promoted magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanospheres for electrochemical determination of streptomycin residues in food. Biosens Bioelectron 41:551–556

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hsu C-W, Yang M-C (2008) Electrochemical epinephrine sensor using artificial receptor synthesized by sol–gel process. Sens Actuators B134(2):680–686

    Google Scholar 

  17. Sartori LR, Santos WJR, Kubota LT, Segatelli MG, Tarley CRT (2011) Flow-based method for epinephrine determination using a solid reactor based on molecularly imprinted poly(FePP–MAA–EGDMA). Mat Sci and Eng C 31(2):114–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhou H, Xu G, Zhu A, Zhao Z, Ren C, Nie L, Kan X (2012) A multiporous electrochemical sensor for epinephrine recognition and detection based on molecularly imprinted polypyrrole. RSC Adv 2(20):7803–7808

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Chen Y-P, Liu B, Lian H-T, Sun X-Y (2011) Preparation and application of urea electrochemical sensor based on Chitosan Molecularly Imprinted Films. Electroanalysis 23(6):1454–1461

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lian H-T, Liu B, Chen Y-P, Sun X-Y (2012) A urea electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted chitosan film doping with CdS quantum dots. Anal Biochem 426(1):40–46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Liu B, Lian HT, Yin JF, Sun XY (2012) Dopamine molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on graphene–chitosan composite. Electrochim Acta 75:108–114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhang X, Lai G, Yu A, Zhang H (2013) A glassy carbon electrode modified with a polyaniline doped with silicotungstic acid and carbon nanotubes for the sensitive amperometric determination of ascorbic acid. Microchim Acta 180(5–6):437–443

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang Z, Hu Y, Zhang H, Yao S (2010) Novel layer-by-layer assembly molecularly imprinted sol–gel sensor for selective recognition of clindamycin based on Au electrode decorated by multi-wall carbon nanotube. J Colloid Interf Sci 344(1):158–164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ziyatdinova G, Grigor’eva L, Morozov M, Gilmutdinov A, Budnikov H (2009) Electrochemical oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids on an electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Microchim Acta 165(3–4):353–359

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Tavana T, Khalilzadeh MA, Karimi-Maleh H, Ensafi AA, Beitollahi H, Zareyee D (2012) Sensitive voltammetric determination of epinephrine in the presence of acetaminophen at a novel ionic liquid modified carbon nanotubes paste electrode. J Mol Liq 168:69–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ali B, Mitra B, Mohammad A (2011) A sensitive simultaneous determination of adrenalin and paracetamol on a glassy carbon electrode coated with a film of Chitosan_Room Temperature Ionic Liquid_Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite. Chin J Chem 29:2157–2164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wu B, Hu D, Kuang Y, Liu B, Zhang X, Chen J (2009) Functionalization of carbon nanotubes by an ionic-liquid polymer: dispersion of Pt and PtRu nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes and their electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol. Angew Chem Int Ed 48(26):4751–4754

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Wu B, Hu D, Yu Y, Kuang Y, Zhang X, Chen J (2010) Stabilization of platinum nanoparticles dispersed on carbon nanotubes by ionic liquid polymer. Chem Commun 46(42):7954

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Xiao C, Chu X, Wu B, Pang H, Zhang X, Chen J (2010) Polymerized ionic liquid-wrapped carbon nanotubes: the promising composites for direct electrochemistry and biosensing of redox protein. Talanta 80(5):1719–1724

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Hu Y, Li J, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Luo L, Yao S (2011) Imprinted sol–gel electrochemical sensor for the determination of benzylpenicillin based on Fe3O4@SiO2/multi-walled carbon nanotubes-chitosans nanocomposite film modified carbon electrode. Anal Chim Acta 698(1–2):61–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Yin JF, Lian HT, Sun XY, Liu B (2012) Highly selective determination of uric acid in human serum by molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor. J Huaqiao Univ (Nat Sci) 33:33–38

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Samuels RJ (1981) Solid state characterization of the structure of the structure of Chitosan Films. J Polym Sci Pol Phys 19:1081–1105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 21075048, as well as Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry of China.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China

    Ying Wu, Xun Feng, Shenghai Zhou, Hongyan Shi, Hongmin Wu & Wenbo Song

  2. ICU of the first Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China

    Shujie Zhao

Authors
  1. Ying Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xun Feng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shenghai Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hongyan Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hongmin Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Shujie Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Wenbo Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Shujie Zhao or Wenbo Song.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

ESM 1

(DOC 883 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wu, Y., Feng, X., Zhou, S. et al. Sensing epinephrine with an ITO electrode modified with an imprinted chitosan film containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes and a polymerized ionic liquid. Microchim Acta 180, 1325–1332 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-013-1063-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-013-1063-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation