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Cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity in breast cancer survivors: is meeting current physical activity recommendations really enough?

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Abstract

Purpose

Breast cancer (BC) survivors are becoming increasingly predisposed to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Low cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity (PA) levels, as well as high values of adiposity indices, contribute to CVD risk. We evaluated adiposity, cardiorespiratory profile, and PA levels in two independent cohorts of BC survivors.

Methods

Data were collected from two groups (99% women) from different areas of Madrid (Spain): group 1, n = 110, age 51.4 ± 9.7 years, median time from diagnosis 365 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 354–401), and group 2, n = 93, age 54.7 ± 8.9 years, 1714 days (95% CI, 1502–1938). We estimated peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and measured body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip index, and accelerometry-determined PA.

Results

Both groups had values of BMI in the overweight range (25.3 ± 4.3 and 27.1 ± 5.1 kg/m2, p = 0.003). Estimated VO2peak levels were lower in group 2 than in group 1 (28.1 ± 9.1 and 23.7 ± 8.8 ml/kg/min, p < 0.001), although levels in both groups were low. Yet, the majority of participants in both groups (81 and 88%, p = 0.234) met international PA recommendations (235 ± 196 and 351 ± 173 min/week of moderate–vigorous PA, p < 0.001). Both groups had very low levels of vigorous PA. These results were essentially independent of type of treatment (anthracycline/radiotherapy).

Conclusions

We found a poor cardiorespiratory profile in two independent BC cohorts that differed in median time from diagnosis (as well in socioeconomic status), supporting the notion that implementation of PA (possibly focusing on vigorous PA) and dietary intervention is urgently needed in this patient population.

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Acknowledgements

Luisa Soares-Miranda is supported by grants SFRH/BPD/76947/2011 funded by FCT (QREN-POPH-Type 4.1-Advanced training, subsidized by the European Social Fund and national funds of MEC), PTDC/DES/099018/2008-FCT/FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-009573-. The Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure is supported by FCT: UID/DTP/00617/2013. Research by Alejandro Lucia is funded by Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS, grant # PI15/00558) and Fondos FEDER.

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Author notes

  1. Alejandro Santos-Lozano, Javier Ramos and Alejandro Alvarez-Bustos contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (“i+12”), Madrid, Spain

    Alejandro Santos-Lozano, Lidia B. Alejo, Itziar Pagola, Carmen Fiuza-Luces & Alejandro Lucia

  2. i+HeALTH, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain

    Alejandro Santos-Lozano

  3. Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain

    Javier Ramos, Alejandro Alvarez-Bustos, Blanca Cantos, Constanza Maximiano & Ana Ruiz-Casado

  4. Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Lidia B. Alejo, Itziar Pagola & Alejandro Lucia

  5. Department of Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain

    Ana Soria

  6. Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal

    Luisa Soares-Miranda

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  1. Alejandro Santos-Lozano
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Luisa Soares-Miranda, Alejandro Lucia, and Ana Ruiz-Casado share senior authorship.

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Santos-Lozano, A., Ramos, J., Alvarez-Bustos, A. et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity in breast cancer survivors: is meeting current physical activity recommendations really enough?. Support Care Cancer 26, 2293–2301 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-018-4055-y

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