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COPD: an underdiagnosed disease at hospital environment

COPD: eine unterdiagnostizierte Erkrankung. Ergebnisse einer Screeningstudie in der Umgebung eines Spitals

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Summary

Background and Aim

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious disease with morbidity and mortality due to delayed diagnosis until significant symptoms arise. We aimed to assess the utility of spirometry and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) in detecting undiagnosed COPD patients in a localized area.

Material and Methods

People who came to the hospital for patient visit or examination with a smoking history of > 10 pack-years (> 40 years old), and with no known chest disease were invited to study. The participants completed a questionnaire and performed spirometry. Spirometry was performed according to ATS/ERS Task Force on spirometry. COPD was defined as according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines.

Results

There were 800 subjects screened, and 648, capable of performing spirometry, were included to the study. The mean age was 48.3 ± 9.0 and 38 % of the study population was male. Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio was lower than 0.70 in 17 % of the subjects. Median (25–75 percentiles) total CAT scores and among the questions of CAT; cough, phlegm, chest tightness and breathlessness scores for COPD and non-COPD subjects were; 15(9–22) vs 12(6–18) (p  = .004), 2(1–3) vs 1(0–2) (p  < .001), 2(0–3) vs 1(0–3) (p  = .004), 3(1–4) vs 2(0–3) (p  > .001), 4(3–5) vs 3(2–4) (p  = .001), respectively. Symptom prevalence was as follows: exertional dyspnea 91 %, dyspnea 80.9 %, cough 56.3 % and phlegm 58.3 % in COPD.

Conclusion

Our study showed that spirometric screening together with the CAT questionnaire may improve the awareness of disease and may determine undiagnosed patients.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Ziel der Studie

Die chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung (COPD) ist eine ernsthafte Erkrankung mit einer Morbidität und Mortalität vor allem auf Grund verspäteter Diagnosestellung oft erst nach Auftreten von Symptomen. Ziel unserer Studie war es, die Nützlichkeit der Spirometrie und des COPD Assessments Test (CAT) bei der Erfassung von Patienten mit einer vorher nicht bekannter COPD in einer begrenzten Umgebung zu erfassen.

Material und Methoden

Personen, die das Spital zum Krankenbesuch oder für eine Untersuchung aufsuchten, die eine Raucher Anamnese von > 10 Packungsjahren ( > 40 Jahre alt) hatten und bei denen keine Erkrankung des Thorax bekannt war, wurden eingeladen, an der Studie teilzunehmen. Es wurde bei den Teilnehmern nach Ausfüllen eines Fragebogens eine Spirometrie entsprechend der „ATS/ERS Task Force on Spirometry“ durchgeführt. Eine COPD wurde entsprechend der Leitlinien der „Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease“ diagnostiziert.

Ergebnisse

800 Personen wurden zur Teilnahme an der Studie aufgefordert. Die 648 dieser Personen, die in der Lage waren, sich einer Spirometrie zu unterziehen, wurden in die Studie aufgenommen. Das mittlere Alter lag bei 48,3 ± 9,0 und 38 % der Teilnehmer waren männlich. Der post-bronchodilatorische FEV1/FVC Quotient war bei 17 % der Teilnehmer unter 0,70.

Folgende mediane Werte (25–75 Perzentile) für die Gesamt CAT Scores und für die CAT Fragen Husten, Schleim, Engegefühl in der Brust und Atemnot wurden bei den COPD Patienten, beziehungsweise bei den Personen ohne COPD erhoben: 15 (9–22) vs 12 (6–18) (p = 0,004), 2 (1–3) vs 1 (0–2) (p < 0,001), 2 (0–3) vs 1 (0–3) (p = 0,004), 3 (1–4) vs 2 (0–3) (p > 0,001), 4 (3–5) vs 3 (2–4) (p = 0,001). Es ergab sich bei den COPD Patienten folgende Prävalenz von Symptomen: Belastungsdyspnoe bei 91 %, Dyspnoe bei 80,9 %, Husten bei 56,3 %, Schleim bei 58,3 %.

Schlussfolgerung

Unsere Studie zeigt, dass ein Screening mit Spirometrie gemeinsam mit der Erhebung eines CAT Fragebogens das Bewusstsein für eine COPD verbessern kann und dass auf diese Art die Diagnose bei Patienten erstellt werden kann, bei denen die Erkrankung vorher nicht bekannt war.

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Correspondence to Fatih Yakar MD.

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Kart, L., Akkoyunlu, M., Bayram, M. et al. COPD: an underdiagnosed disease at hospital environment. Wien Klin Wochenschr 126, 73–78 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-013-0458-4

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