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Frequency of Stage II Oral Transport Cycles in Healthy Human

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Abstract

Stage II transport (St2Tr) is propulsion of triturated food into the pharynx for storage before swallowing via tongue squeeze-back against the palate. To clarify the phenomenology of St2Tr, we examined the effects of food consistency and the number of chewing cycles on the number of St2Tr cycles in a chew-swallow sequence. We recorded chew-swallow sequences in lateral projection with videofluoroscopy of 13 healthy volunteers eating 6 g of hard (shortbread cookie), and soft foods (ripe banana and tofu) with barium. We counted the number of chewing and St2Tr cycles from food intake to terminal swallow. We used the Friedman test for bivariate analyses and negative binomial regression for multivariable analyses. On bivariate analysis, food consistency had a positive association with the number of chewing cycles (P = 0.013), but not with the number of St2Tr cycles (P = 0.27). Multivariable analysis, however, revealed a greater number of St2Tr cycles with hard than soft food (P ≤ 0.01) and a trend toward negative correlation between the numbers of St2Tr and chewing cycles (P = 0.083). The number of chewing cycles needed to clear the mouth differs among food consistencies as demonstrated previously. Greater numbers of both St2Tr and chewing cycles were elicited with the hard than with the soft foods. Given the trend toward negative correlation, the association between the number of St2Tr cycles and that of chewing cycles deserves further study.

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Acknowledgments

The late Dr. Karen Hiiemae immensely contributed this work. We would like to thank Chune Yang for her extraordinary support and assistance. We appreciate the comments on the manuscript offered by Drs. Rebecca Z. German and Ianessa Humbert.

Conflict of interest

This research was supported in part by NIH/NIDCD award No. R01-DC02123. We presented this study at the 20th Annual Meeting of Dysphagia Research Society, Toronto, Canada, March 7–10, 2012. All authors have no financial conflict of interests to disclose concerning the research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Haruhi Inokuchi, Martin B. Brodsky, Marlís González-Fernández, Mitsumasa Yoda, Takashi Hiraoka, Koichiro Matsuo & Jeffrey B. Palmer

  2. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan

    Haruhi Inokuchi

  3. Department of Dentistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan

    Koichiro Matsuo

  4. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Jeffrey B. Palmer

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  1. Haruhi Inokuchi
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  2. Martin B. Brodsky
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  3. Marlís González-Fernández
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  4. Mitsumasa Yoda
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  5. Takashi Hiraoka
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  6. Koichiro Matsuo
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  7. Jeffrey B. Palmer
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Correspondence to Haruhi Inokuchi.

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Inokuchi, H., Brodsky, M.B., González-Fernández, M. et al. Frequency of Stage II Oral Transport Cycles in Healthy Human. Dysphagia 29, 685–691 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-014-9562-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-014-9562-5

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