Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Gender, Age, Vessel Size, Cup vs. Straw Sipping, and Sequence Effects on Sip Volume

  • Published:
Dysphagia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Two experiments were performed to examine the effects of cup size, gender, age, and parameters of sipping (cup vs. straw and sequence) on sip volume. Increasing the size of the vessel from 150 to 600 ml increased the volume of a sip by about 15%. Males took larger sips and had significantly larger maximum oral capacities than females. However, in a second group of taller females and shorter males, the difference in sip size between genders was minimized. A second experiment examined sip size from a cup and straw drinking, the effects of sequential sipping (one to five sips), personal characteristics (height, weight), age, and gender on sip volume. Height was a good predictor of individual differences in sip volume. Cup drinking produced larger sip volumes than straw drinking, but only in a group of adults and not in an elderly group. Volume per sip decreased across sips. A reasonable guide for cup sipping is about 25 ml per sip for males and 20 ml for females. However, this rule should be modified as a function of cup size, straw sipping, and sequential sipping.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. BP Halpern (1985) Time as a factor in gustation: Temporal patterns of taste stimulation and response. DW Pfaff (Eds) Decisions During Sipping: Taste, Olfaction, and the Central Nervous System. New York Rockefeller University Press 181–209

    Google Scholar 

  2. I Adnerhill O Ekberg ME Groher (1989) ArticleTitleDetermining normal bolus size for thin liquids. Dysphagia 4 1–3 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By%2BA383otVE%3D Occurrence Handle2640173

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. H Nilsson O Ekberg R Olsson O Kjellin B Hindfelt (1996) ArticleTitleQuantitative assessment of swallowing in healthy adults. Dysphagia 11 110–116 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BymA3sbgt1A%3D Occurrence Handle8721069

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. DV Jones CE Work (1961) ArticleTitleVolume of a swallow. Am J Dis Child 102 173

    Google Scholar 

  5. S Hamlet J Choi M Zormeier F Shamsa R Stachler J Muz L Jones (1996) ArticleTitleNormal adult swallowing of liquid and viscous material: Scintigraphic data on bolus transit and oropharyngeal residues. Dysphagia 11 41–47 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BymC2cfhvV0%3D Occurrence Handle8556878

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Steele CM, Van Lieshout PHHM: Estimates of normal sip size revisited Dysphagia Research Society Annual Meeting Abstracts , 2001, p 113

  7. N Wara-aswapati W Pipiphat N Chandrapho C Rattanayatikul N Karimbux (2001) ArticleTitleThickness of palatal masticatory mucosa associated with age. J Periodontol 72 1407–1412 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MnkslejtA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11699483

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. JF Tracy JA Logemann PJ Kahrilas P Jacob M Kobara C Krugler (1989) ArticleTitlePreliminary observations on the effects of age on oropharyngeal deglutition. Dysphagia 4 90–94 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By%2BA383ot1A%3D Occurrence Handle2640185

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. WA Watson DC Bradford JC Veltri (1983) ArticleTitleThe volume of a swallow: Correlation of deglutition with patient and container parameters. Am J Emerg Med 3 278–281

    Google Scholar 

  10. RAM Gregson GL Paris (1967) ArticleTitleIntensity–volume interaction effects in gustatory perception. Percept Psychophys 2 483–487

    Google Scholar 

  11. GG Birch K O’Donnell R Musgrav (1982) ArticleTitleIntensity/time studies of sweetness; Psychophysical evidence for localised concentration of stimulus. Food Chem 9 223–237 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL38XlvFKgur0%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. GM Brosvic WW Mclaughlin (1989) ArticleTitleQuality specific differences in human taste detection thresholds as a function of stimulus volume. Phys Behav 45 15–20 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXhslSrt7g%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. M O’Mahony K Klapman J Wong S Atassi (1982) ArticleTitleSalt taste sensitivity and stimulus volume: effect of stimulus residuals. Perception 11 347–357 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BiyC28fns1A%3D Occurrence Handle7167343

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. M O’Mahony S Atassi–Sheldon J Wong K Klapman–Baker S-Y Wong (1984) ArticleTitleSalt taste sensitivity and stimulus volume: sips and drops. Some implications for the Henkin taste test. Perception 13 725–737 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BimD3MngtVQ%3D Occurrence Handle6543952

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. BM Slotnick AR Wittich RL Henkin (1988) ArticleTitleEffect of stimulus volume on taste detection threshold for NaCl. Chem Senses 13 345–353 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXls1yjtL8%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. EC Bate–Smith (1954) ArticleTitleAstringency in foods. Food Proc Packaging 23 124–127 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaG2cXktlGqsQ%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. CB Lee HT Lawless (1991) ArticleTitleTime-course of astringent sensations. Chem Senses 16 225–238

    Google Scholar 

  18. E Haslam TH Lilley (1988) ArticleTitleNatural astringency in foodstuffs—A molecular interpretation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 27 1–40 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXntlyqtQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle3293922

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. JA Logemann BR Pauloski L Colangelo C Lazarus M Fujiu PJ Kahrilas (1995) ArticleTitleEffects of a sour bolus on oropharyngeal swallowing measures in patients with neurogenic dysphagia. J Speech Hear Res 38 556–563 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByqH3cvps10%3D Occurrence Handle7674647

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. CA Pelletier (2002) Sensory evaluation and feeding dependency in the management of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia. Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University Ithaca, NY

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank John Horne and Ricky Nurse for their assistance in this research. This work was supported by NIH grant DC-00902.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Harry T. Lawless PhD.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lawless, H.T., Bender, S., Oman, C. et al. Gender, Age, Vessel Size, Cup vs. Straw Sipping, and Sequence Effects on Sip Volume . Dysphagia 18, 196–202 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0105-0

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0105-0

Keywords

Navigation