Abstract
The ascidian endostyle is a mucus-secreting pharyngeal organ, it has iodine-concentrating activity and the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones has been well documented. According to our recent findings, ascidians possess thyroid hormones, which are localized in mesenchymal cells. We have studied the presence and localization of l-thyroxine (T4) in Ascidia malaca (Traustedt), Ascidiella aspersa (Müller), Phallusia mamillata (Cuvier) and Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus) larvae and its involvement in metamorphosis. In vivo treatment of swimming larvae with exogenous T4 and thiourea (a thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor), demonstrate the presence of T4 during larval development. These results were confirmed by in vitro experiments utilizing dot blotting, radioimmunoassay and immunoperoxidase staining. The hormone was localized in mesenchymal cells of all four ascidians, spread out in the body cavity, under the adhesive papillae and around the intestine. The presence of TH in mesenchymal cells could be related to blood cells, musculature and heart tissue differentiation. The results suggest that this hormone could be involved in the control of metamorphosis.
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Acknowledgements
This paper is dedicated to the memory of the late Professor Eleonora Patricolo.
The authors wish to thank Dr. Andreas Heyland and Professor Caterina Mansueto for critical reading of the text. The research was supported by a MIUR grant.
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D’Agati, P., Cammarata, M. Comparative analysis of thyroxine distribution in ascidian larvae. Cell Tissue Res 323, 529–535 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-005-0015-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-005-0015-1