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The genetic and molecular basis of crop height based on a rice model

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Main conclusion

This review presents genetic and molecular basis of crop height using a rice crop model. Height is controlled by multiple genes with potential to be manipulated through breeding strategies to improve productivity.

Height is an important factor affecting crop architecture, apical dominance, biomass, resistance to lodging, tolerance to crowding and mechanical harvesting. The impressive increase in wheat and rice yield during the ‘green revolution’ benefited from a combination of breeding for high-yielding dwarf varieties together with advances in agricultural mechanization, irrigation and agrochemical/fertilizer use. To maximize yield under irrigation and high fertilizer use, semi-dwarfing is optimal, whereas extreme dwarfing leads to decreased yield. Rice plant height is controlled by genes that lie in a complex regulatory network, mainly involved in the biosynthesis or signal transduction of phytohormones such as gibberellins, brassinosteroids and strigolactones. Additional dwarfing genes have been discovered that are involved in other pathways, some of which are uncharacterized. This review discusses our current understanding of the regulation of plant height using rice as a well-characterized model and highlights some of the most promising research that could lead to the development of new, high-yielding varieties. This knowledge underpins future work towards the genetic improvement of plant height in rice and other crops.

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Acknowledgements

Special thanks should go to Dr. Alice Hayward who has put considerable time and effort on improving the clarity and accuracy of this text. This work was supported by a Major Research Project of CAAS Science and the Technology Innovation Program, and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers: 31400243 and 31201152), and by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Grant number: 2013CFB423).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China

    Fang Liu, Pandi Wang, Xiaofei Li, Xiaohong Yan & Gang Wu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding Technology Innovation and Integration, China National Seed Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430206, China

    Xiaobo Zhang

  3. The Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China

    Donghui Fu

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  1. Fang Liu
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  2. Pandi Wang
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  3. Xiaobo Zhang
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  4. Xiaofei Li
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  6. Donghui Fu
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  7. Gang Wu
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Correspondence to Donghui Fu or Gang Wu.

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Liu, F., Wang, P., Zhang, X. et al. The genetic and molecular basis of crop height based on a rice model. Planta 247, 1–26 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-017-2798-1

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