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How drought and salinity affect arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and strigolactone biosynthesis?

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Abstract

Main conclusion

This paper reviews the importance of AM symbiosis in alleviating plant stress under unfavourable environmental conditions, making emphasis on the role of strigolactones. A better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate this beneficial association will increase its potential use as an innovative and sustainable strategy in modern agriculture.

Plants are very dynamic systems with a great capacity for adaptation to a constantly changing environment. This phenotypic plasticity is particularly advantageous in areas damaged or subjected to intensive agriculture. Nowadays, global crop production systems are intensifying the impact on natural resources, such as water availability. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find more sustainable alternatives. One of the plant strategies to improve phenotypic plasticity is to establish mutualistic beneficial associations with soil microorganisms, such as the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The establishment of AM symbiosis requires a complex network of interconnected signalling pathways, in which phytohormones play a key role. Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones acting as modulators of the coordinated development under nutrient shortage. SLs also act as host detection signals for AM fungi, favouring symbiosis establishment. In this review, current knowledge on the effect of water-related stresses, such as drought and salinity, in AM symbiosis and in SL production is discussed. Likewise, how the symbiosis helps the host plant to alleviate stress symptoms is also reviewed. Finally, we highlight how interactions between hormonal signalling pathways modulate all these responses, especially in the cross-talk between SLs and abscisic acid (ABA). Understanding the intricate mechanisms that regulate the establishment of AM symbiosis and the plant responses under unfavourable conditions will contribute to implement the use of AM fungi as bioprotective agents against these stresses.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

AM:

Arbuscular mycorrhiza

JA:

Jasmonic acid

SLs:

Strigolactones

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Acknowledgments

Research is supported by the grant AGL2012-39923 from the Spanish National R&D Plan of the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MINCIN). Thanks to Drs. M.J. Pozo, J.M. Ruiz-Lozano and Y. Benítez-Alfonso for their critical reading of the manuscript. The author also thanks the scientific exchange between partners in the COST action FA1206 ‘Strigolactones biological roles and applications’ (STREAM).

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  1. Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain

    Juan A. López-Ráez

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  1. Juan A. López-Ráez
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Correspondence to Juan A. López-Ráez.

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A contribution to the special issue on Strigolactones.

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López-Ráez, J.A. How drought and salinity affect arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and strigolactone biosynthesis?. Planta 243, 1375–1385 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2435-9

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