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A review on tough and sticky hydrogels

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Abstract

In this review, we survey recent literature (2009–2013) on hydrogels that are mechanically tough and adhesive. The impact of published work and trends in the field are examined. We focus on design concepts, new materials, structures related to mechanical performance and adhesion properties. Besides hydrogels made of individual polymers, concepts developed to toughen hydrogels include interpenetrating and double networks, slide ring polymer gels, topological hydrogels, ionically cross-linked copolymer gels, nanocomposite polymer hydrogels, self-assembled microcomposite hydrogels, and combinations thereof. Hydrogels that are adhesive in addition to tough are also discussed. Adhesive properties, especially wet adhesion of hydrogels, are rare but needed for a variety of general technologies. Some of the most promising industrial applications are found in the areas of sensor and actuator technology, microfluidics, drug delivery and biomedical devices. The most recent accomplishments and creative approaches to making tough and sticky hydrogels are highlighted. This review concludes with perspectives for future directions, challenges and opportunities in a continuously changing world.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering at Purdue University (GS), by the National Science Foundation (JJW) and by the Office of Naval Research (JJW). We thank the reviewers for useful suggestions and comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2032, USA

    Charles W. Peak & Gudrun Schmidt

  2. Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA

    Jonathan J. Wilker

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  1. Charles W. Peak
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  2. Jonathan J. Wilker
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  3. Gudrun Schmidt
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Correspondence to Gudrun Schmidt.

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Peak, C.W., Wilker, J.J. & Schmidt, G. A review on tough and sticky hydrogels. Colloid Polym Sci 291, 2031–2047 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-013-3021-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-013-3021-y

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