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Seasonal variation of microbial biomass, activity, and community structure in soil under different tillage and phosphorus management practices

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Abstract

No-tillage systems contribute to physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil. The effects of different tillage practices and phosphorus (P) fertilization on soil microbial biomass, activity, and community structure were studied during the maize growing season in a maize–soybean rotation established for 18 years in eastern Canada. Soil samples were collected at two depths (0–10 and 10–20 cm) under mouldboard plow (MP) and no-till (NT) management and fertilized with 0, 17.5, and 35 kg P ha−1. Results show that the duration of the growing season had a greater effect on soil microbiota properties than soil tillage or P fertilization at both soil depths. Seasonal fluctuations in soil microbial biomass carbon (SMB-C) and nitrogen (SMB-N), in dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities, and in total phospholipids fatty acid (PLFA) level, were greater under NT than MP management. The PLFA biomarkers separated treatments primarily by sampling date and secondly by tillage management, but were not significantly affected by P fertilization. The abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; C16:1ω5) and fungi (C18:2ω6,9) was lower under NT than MP at the 10–20-cm soil depth in July. Phosphorus fertilization increased soil microbial biomass phosphorus (SMB-P) and Mehlich-3 extractable P, but had a limited impact on the other soil properties. In conclusion, soil environmental factors and tillage had a greater effect on microorganisms (biomass and activity) and community structure than P fertilization.

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Abbreviations

AMF:

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

MP:

moldboard plow

NT:

no till

PCA:

principal component analysis

PLFA:

phospholipids fatty acid

SMB-C:

soil microbial biomass carbon

SMB-N:

soil microbial biomass nitrogen

SMB-P:

soil microbial biomass phosphorus

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) and the MOE (Ministry of Education of China)-AAFC Ph.D. research program. We thank Sylvie Côté, Keith Hanson, Claude Lévesque, Sylvie Michaud, and Jeannot Pelletier for their help in sampling soils and technical assistance. Special thanks to the people at the L’Acadie Experimental Farm of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada who have supervised and maintained the trial since 1992.

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  1. Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2560 Hochelaga Blvd., Quebec, QC, Canada, G1V 2J3

    Yichao Shi, Roger Lalande, Noura Ziadi & Bernard Gagnon

  2. College of Resources and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing, China, 100049

    Yichao Shi & Zhengyi Hu

  3. Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1 Airport Rd., Swift Current, SK, Canada, S9H 3X2

    Chantal Hamel

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  1. Yichao Shi
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Correspondence to Noura Ziadi.

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Shi, Y., Lalande, R., Hamel, C. et al. Seasonal variation of microbial biomass, activity, and community structure in soil under different tillage and phosphorus management practices. Biol Fertil Soils 49, 803–818 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-013-0773-y

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