Abstract
We present a review of sonography of the flexor and extensor system of the hand and wrist in volunteers and cadavers. CT tenography also was performed in cadaveric specimens. Anatomical structures of the extensor system that were assessed with sonography included the extensor tendons and insertions, retinaculum, and dorsal hood. On the flexor side, the variable relationship between the flexor superficialis and profundus could be appreciated. Volar plates, tendon insertions, and annular pulleys could also be investigated. Sonography can show details of the finger flexor and extensor system.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lee JC, Healy JC (2005) Normal sonographic anatomy of the wrist and hand. Radiographics 25:1577–1590
Bianchi S, Martinoli C, Abdelwahab IF (1999) High frequency ultrasound examination of the wrist and hand. Skeletal Radiol 28:121–129
Taleisnik J, Gelberman RH, Miller BW, Szabo RM (1984) The extensor retinaculum of the wrist. J Hand Surg 9:495–501
De Maeseneer M, Marcelis S, Osteaux M, Jager T, Machiels F, Van Roy P (2005) Sonography of a rupture of the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus muscle: initial clinical experience and correlation with findings at cadaveric dissection. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184(1):175–179
De Maeseneer M, Van Roy P, Jacobson JA, Jamadar DA (2005) Normal MR imaging findings of the midhand and fingers with anatomic correlation. Eur J Radiol 56(3):278–285
Wilson D (2004) Ultrasound assessment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Clin Radiol 59(10):909
Rubin DA, Kneeland JB, Kitay GS, Naranja RJ Jr (1996) Flexor tendon tears in the hand: use of MR imaging to diagnose degree of injury in a cadaver model. AJR 166:615–620
Drapé JL, Tardif-Chastenet de Gery S, Silbermann-Hoffman O, Chevrot A, Houvet P, Alnot, JY, Benacerraf R (1998) Closed ruptures of the flexor digitorum tendons: MRI evaluation. Skeletal Radiol 27:617–624
Landsmeer JM (1972) Cross-section analysis of the human finger. J Anat 111:474–475
Theumann NH, Pfirrmann CW, Drape JL, Trudell DJ, Resnick D (2002) MR imaging of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers: part I. Conventional MR imaging and MR arthrographic findings in cadavers. Radiology 222(2):437–445
Landsmeer JMF (1949) The anatomy of the dorsal aponeurosis of the human finger and the functional significance. Anat Rec 104:31–44
Clavero JA, Golano P, Farinas O, Alomar X, Monill JM, Esplugas M (2003) Extensor mechanism of the Fingers: MR-anatomic correlation. RadioGraphics 23:593–611
Massengill JB (1992) The boutonnière deformity. Hand Clin 8:787–801
Martinoli C, Bianchi S, Nebiolo M, Derchi LE, Garcia JF (2000) Sonographic evaluation of digital annular pulley tears. Skeletal Radiol 29:387–391
Boutry N, Titecat M, Demondion X, Glaude E, Fontaine C, Cotton A (2005) High frequency ultrasonographic examination of the pulley system. J Ultrasound Med 24:133–139
Parellada JA, Balkisson ARA, Hayes CW, Conway WF (1996) Bowstring injury of the flexor tendon pulley system: MR imaging. AJR 167:347–349
Nance EP Jr, Kaye JJ, Milek MA (1979) Volar plate fractures. Radiology 133:61–64
Acknowledgment
We thank Anna Browning for the line drawings.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
De Maeseneer, M., Marcelis, S., Jager, T. et al. Sonography of the finger flexor and extensor system at the hand and wrist level: findings in volunteers and anatomical correlation in cadavers. Eur Radiol 18, 600–607 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-007-0771-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-007-0771-2