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Suberin: biosynthesis, regulation, and polymer assembly of a protective extracellular barrier

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Abstract

Suberin is a lipid-phenolic biopolyester deposited in the cell walls of certain boundary tissue layers of plants, such as root endodermis, root and tuber peridermis, and seed coats. Suberin serves as a protective barrier in these tissue layers, controlling, for example, water and ion transport. It is also a stress-induced anti-microbial barrier. The suberin polymer contains a variety of C16–C24 chain-length aliphatics, such as ω-hydroxy fatty acids, α,ω-dicarboxylic fatty acids, and primary fatty alcohols. Suberin also contains high amounts of glycerol and phenolics, especially ferulic acid. In addition, non-covalently linked waxes are likely associated with the suberin polymer. This review focusses on the suberin biosynthetic enzymes identified to date, which include β-ketoacyl-CoA synthases, fatty acyl reductases, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferases, and phenolic acyltransferases. We also discuss recent advances in our understanding of the transport of suberin components intracellularly and to the cell wall, polymer assembly, and the regulation of suberin deposition.

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Abbreviations

ABC:

ATP-binding cassette

ASFT:

Aliphatic suberin feruloyl transferase

CoA:

Coenzyme A

CYP:

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase

DCA:

α,ω-Dicarboxylic acid

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FACT:

Fatty alcohol: caffeoyl-CoA caffeoyl transferase

FAR:

Fatty acyl reductase

FTH:

Suberin feruloyl transferase

GPAT:

Glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase

KCS:

β-Ketoacyl-CoA synthase

LACS:

Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase

LTP:

Lipid transfer protein

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Acknowledgments

We thank Nayana de Silva and Jessica White of Carleton University for valuable comments on the manuscript. SJV and OR were supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. CD was supported by a doctoral fellowship from the French Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada

    Sollapura J. Vishwanath & Owen Rowland

  2. Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS, UMR 5200, Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment A3-INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 71 Ave. Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33140, Villenave D’Ornon, France

    Camille Delude & Frédéric Domergue

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  1. Sollapura J. Vishwanath
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  2. Camille Delude
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  3. Frédéric Domergue
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  4. Owen Rowland
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Correspondence to Owen Rowland.

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Communicated by Neal Stewart.

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Vishwanath, S.J., Delude, C., Domergue, F. et al. Suberin: biosynthesis, regulation, and polymer assembly of a protective extracellular barrier. Plant Cell Rep 34, 573–586 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-014-1727-z

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