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Ultrastructure and histochemical analysis of extracellular matrix surface network in kiwifruit endosperm-derived callus culture

  • Cell Biology and Morphogenesis
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Abstract

The study used Actinidia deliciosa endosperm-derived callus to investigate aspects of the morphology, histology and chemistry of extracellular matrix (ECM) structures in morphogenically stable tissue from long-term culture. SEM showed ECM as a membranous layer or reticulated fibrillar and granular structure linking the peripheral cells of callus domains. TEM confirmed that ECM is a distinct heterogeneous layer, up to 4 μm thick and consisting of amorphous dark-staining material, osmiophilic granules and reticulated fibres present outside the outer callus cell wall. ECM covered the surface of cells forming morphogenic domains and was reduced during organ growth. This structure may be linked to acquisition of morphogenic competence and thus may serve as a structural marker of it in endosperm-derived callus. ECM was also observed on senescent cells in contact with the morphogenic area. Treatment of living calluses with chloroform and washing with ether–methanol led to partial destruction of the extracellular layer. Digestion with pectinase removed the membranous layer almost completely and exposed thick fibrillar strands and granular remnants. Digestion with protease did not visibly affect the surface layer. Indirect immunofluorescence showed low-methylesterified pectic epitopes labelled by JIM5 monoclonal antibody. Immunolabelling, histochemistry, and solvent and enzyme treatments suggested pectins and lipids as components of the surface layer. These compounds may indicate protective, water retention and/or cell communication functions for this external layer.

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Abbreviations

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

CPD:

Critical point drying

DAPI:

4′, 6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ECMSN:

Extracellular matrix surface network

EGTA:

Ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

PIPES:

Piperazine-N, N′-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid)

SB:

Stabilising buffer

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Prof. Dr. Elżbieta Kuta (Jagiellonian University) for critically reading the manuscript and making valuable suggestions. The SEM images were made in the Laboratory of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis at the Institute of Geological Sciences of the Jagiellonian University. We thank Jadwiga Faber for her expert technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, 52 Grodzka St., 31-044, Cracow, Poland

    M. Popielarska-Konieczna, G. Góralski & H. Ślesak

  2. Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, University of Gdańsk, 24 Kładki St., 80-822, Gdańsk, Poland

    M. Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno, J. Świerczyńska & J. Bohdanowicz

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  1. M. Popielarska-Konieczna
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  2. M. Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno
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  3. J. Świerczyńska
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  4. G. Góralski
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  5. H. Ślesak
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  6. J. Bohdanowicz
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Correspondence to M. Popielarska-Konieczna.

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Communicated by D. Somers.

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Popielarska-Konieczna, M., Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno, M., Świerczyńska, J. et al. Ultrastructure and histochemical analysis of extracellular matrix surface network in kiwifruit endosperm-derived callus culture. Plant Cell Rep 27, 1137–1145 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-008-0534-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-008-0534-9

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