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Biochemical properties of retinoid-converting enzymes and biotechnological production of retinoids

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Abstract

Retinoids are a class of compounds that are forms of vitamin A and include retinal, retinol, retinoic acid, and retinyl ester. Retinal is involved in visual cycle, retinol has anti-infective, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-wrinkle functions, and retinoic acid is used to treat acne and cancer. Retinol, retinoic acid, and retinyl ester are used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. In this article, the biochemical properties and active sites and reaction mechanisms of retinoid-converting enzymes in animals and bacteria, including retinol dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, aldo-keto reductase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase, are reviewed. The production of retinoids, using retinoid-producing enzymes and metabolically engineered cells, is also described. Uncharacterized bacterial proteins are suggested as retinoid-converting enzymes, and the production of retinoids using metabolically engineered cells is proposed as a feasible method.

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This paper was supported by Konkuk University in 2014.

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  1. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea

    Seung-Hye Hong, Kyoung-Rok Kim & Deok-Kun Oh

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  1. Seung-Hye Hong
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Hong, SH., Kim, KR. & Oh, DK. Biochemical properties of retinoid-converting enzymes and biotechnological production of retinoids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99, 7813–7826 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6830-8

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