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Effects of the Inoculation of Burkholderia vietnamensis and Related Endophytic Diazotrophic Bacteria on Grain Yield of Rice

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Abstract

During a survey of endophytic diazotrophic bacteria associated with different rice varieties in Tamilnadu, some “endophytes” were obtained. Thirteen bacterial isolates from surface-sterilized roots and shoots were obtained in pure culture, which produced indole acetic acid (IAA) and reduced acetylene to ethylene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification confirmed the presence of nif-H gene in all the isolates. Morphological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics indicated that all of them belonged to the genus Burkholderia One of them, MGK3, was consistently more active in reducing acetylene, and 16S rDNA sequences of isolate MGK3 confirmed its identification as Burkholderia vietnamiensis. Colonization of rice root was confirmed by strain MGK3 marked with gusA gene. The inoculated roots showed a blue color, which was most intense at the points of lateral root emergence and at the root tip. Transverse sections of roots, 15 days after inoculation, revealed beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity within many of the cortical intercellular spaces next to the stele and within the aerenchyma. Nitrogen fixation was quantified by using 15N isotope dilution method with two different cultivars grown in pot and field experiments. Higher nitrogen fixation was observed in variety Ponni than in ADT-43, where nearly 42% (field) and 40% (pot) of the nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (% Ndfa). Isolate MGK3 was used to inoculate rice seedlings in a comparison with four other diazotrophs, viz., Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus LMG7603, Herbaspirillum seropedicae LMG6513, Azospirillum lipoferum 4B LMG4348, and B. vietnamiensis LMG10929. They were used to conduct two pot and four field inoculation experiments. MGK3 alone, and combined with other diazotrophs, performed best under both pot and field conditions: combined inoculation produced yield increases between 9.5 and 23.6%, while MGK3 alone increased yield by 5.6 to 12.16% over the uninoculated control treatment.

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Acknowledgments

This work is part of the Ph.D. thesis of first author. Thanks are due to Prof. P. Vandamme LMG-BCCM, University of Gent, Belgium for providing B. vietnamiensis and B. cepacia reference cultures. For reprints, preprints, unpublished data, practical assistance, and helpful discussions, we thank our friends and colleagues in throughout the world.

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  1. Munusamy Govindarajan

    Present address: Dr. Rajan Laboratories, # 28/6, Sri Ganesh Flats, Thirumangai Mannan Street, Sundaram Colony, East Tambaram, Chennai, 600 059, Tamilnadu, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate and Research Department of Microbiology and Botany, AVVM Sri Pushpam College (Bharathidasan University, Trichy), Tanjore, 613503, South India

    Munusamy Govindarajan & Cunthipuram Lakshminarasimhan

  2. Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, Bât Gregor Mendel, Université Cl. Bernard Lyon1, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre, 69622F, Villeurbanne cedex, France

    Jacques Balandreau

  3. Genetic Resources Division, National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Rural Development Administration, 225th, Seodun-dong, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon, 441-707, Republic of Korea

    Soon-Wo Kwon

  4. Applied Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Suwon, 441-707, Republic of Korea

    Hang-Yeon Weon

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  1. Munusamy Govindarajan
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Govindarajan, M., Balandreau, J., Kwon, SW. et al. Effects of the Inoculation of Burkholderia vietnamensis and Related Endophytic Diazotrophic Bacteria on Grain Yield of Rice. Microb Ecol 55, 21–37 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-007-9247-9

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