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Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria in a Finnish Raised Mire Complex: Effects of Site Fertility and Drainage

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Abstract

Methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) are the only biological sinks for methane (CH4). Drainage of peatlands is known to decrease overall CH4 emission, but the effect on MOB is unknown. The objective of this work was to characterize the MOB community and activity in two ecohydrologically different pristine peatland ecosystems, a fen and a bog, and their counterparts that were drained in 1961. Oligotrophic fens are groundwater-fed peatlands, but ombrotrophic bogs receive additional water and nutrients only from rainwater. The sites were sampled in August 2003 down to 10 cm below the water table (WT), and cores were divided into 10-cm subsamples. CH4 oxidation was measured by gas chromatography (GC) to characterize MOB activity. The MOB community structure was characterized by polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing methods using partial pmoA and mmoX genes. The highest CH4 oxidation rates were measured from the subsamples 20–30 and 30–40 cm above WT at the pristine oligotrophic fen (12.7 and 10.5 μmol CH4 dm−3 h−1, respectively), but the rates decreased to almost zero in the vicinity of WT. In the pristine ombrotrophic bog, the highest oxidation rate at 0–10 cm was lower than in the fen (8.10 μmol CH4 dm−3 h−1), but in contrast to the fen, oxidation rates of 4.5 μmol CH4 dm−3 h−1 were observed at WT and 10 cm below WT. Drainage reduced the CH4 oxidation rates to maximum values of 1.67 and 5.77 μmol CH4 dm−3 h−1 at 30–40 and 20–30 cm of the fen and bog site, respectively. From the total of 13 pmoA-derived DGGE bands found in the study, 11, 3, 6, and 2 were observed in the pristine fen and bog and their drained counterparts, respectively. According to the nonmetric multidimensional scaling of the DGGE banding pattern, the MOB community of the pristine fen differed from the other sites. The majority of partial pmoA sequences belonged to type I MOB, whereas the partial mmoX bands that were observed only in the bog sites formed a distinct group relating more to type II MOB. This study indicates that fen and bog ecosystems differ in MOB activity and community structure, and both these factors are affected by drainage.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Saara Korpela, Sirpa Tiikkainen, and Mirva Sandberg for the excellent technical assistance and laboratory support during the sample analysis and Anne Siika for the help with the illustrations. Raija Laiho kindly helped with the statistical analyses. Stephen Venn corrected the language. This work was supported by the Academy of Finland.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Centre, P.O. Box 18, 01301, Vantaa, Finland

    K. Jaatinen & H. Fritze

  2. Peatland Ecology Group, Department of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    E.-S. Tuittila & J. Laine

  3. Division of General Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    K. Yrjälä

  4. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Parkano Research Station, Kaironiementie 54, 39700, Parkano, Finland

    J. Laine

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  1. K. Jaatinen
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Jaatinen, K., Tuittila, ES., Laine, J. et al. Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria in a Finnish Raised Mire Complex: Effects of Site Fertility and Drainage. Microb Ecol 50, 429–439 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-005-9219-x

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