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Lack of oxidative damage on temperate juvenile catsharks after a long-term ocean acidification exposure

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Abstract

Ocean acidification is a consequence of chemical changes driven mainly by a continuous uptake of carbon dioxide, resulting in pH decrease. This phenomenon represents an additional threat to marine life, with expected effects ranging from changes in behavioral responses and calcification rates to the potential promotion of oxidative stress. To unravel the impacts of ocean acidification on the antioxidant system of sharks, we performed a long-term exposure (9 months, since early embryogenesis) to high CO2 conditions (pCO2 ~ 900 μatm) on a temperate shark (Scyliorhinus canicula). The following biomarkers were measured: enzymatic antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), protein repair and removal (heat shock proteins and ubiquitin), and oxidative damage on lipids (malondialdehyde) and DNA (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine). Changes in the antioxidant enzyme defense were restricted to an increase in catalase activity in the muscle, an enzyme that plays a major role in oxidative stress mitigation. On the other hand, no evidence of oxidative damage was found, indicating that the observed increase in catalase activity may be enough to neutralize the effects of potentially higher reactive oxygen species. These results further indicate that these sharks’ antioxidant system can successfully cope with the levels of carbon dioxide projected for the end of the century. Nonetheless, the interaction between ocean acidification and the rise in temperature expected to occur in a near future may disturb their antioxidant capacity, requiring further investigation.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Reviewers for improving the manuscript. We also thank Omar Moura and Beatriz Arzeni for helping perform the biochemical analyses.

Funding

This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), through the strategic project UID/MAR/04292/2013 granted to MARE, a project grant PTDC/AAG-GLO/1926/2014 and Programa Investigador FCT 2013 granted to RR. This work was also supported by the Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit—UCIBIO which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UID/Multi/04378/2019). This work was further supported through post-doc MP (SFRH/BPD/117533/2016) and PhD grants to MRP (SFRH/BD/111691/2015), CS (SFRH/BD/117890/2016) and ES (SFRH/BD/131771/2017), financed by national and community funds from FCT and the European Social Fund (ESF), through the Human Capital Operating Programme and Regional Operation Programme (Lisboa 2020).

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  1. Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal

    Maria Rita Pegado, Catarina P. Santos, Marta Pimentel, Ricardo Cyrne, Eduardo Sampaio, Ana Temporão, Janina Röckner & Rui Rosa

  2. Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, UCIBIO, NOVA University Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal

    Mário Diniz

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  1. Maria Rita Pegado
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Correspondence to Maria Rita Pegado.

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The authors declare that experimental procedures were in accordance with the European Parliament (Directive 2010/63/EU) and Council of 22 September 2010 requirements regarding animal protection for scientific studies. All procedures were reviewed and approved by the Animal Welfare Body of FCUL (Statement 5/2016), the animal ethics committee ORBEA, and the National Veterinary Medicines Directorate (DGAV).

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Pegado, M.R., Santos, C.P., Pimentel, M. et al. Lack of oxidative damage on temperate juvenile catsharks after a long-term ocean acidification exposure. Mar Biol 167, 165 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-03770-2

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