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Discrete functional contributions of cerebral cortical foci in voluntary swallowing: a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) “Go, No-Go” study

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Abstract

Brain-imaging studies have shown that visually-cued, voluntary swallowing activates a distributed network of cortical regions including the precentral and postcentral gyri, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula, frontoparietal operculum, cuneus and precuneus. To elucidate the functional contributions of these discrete activation foci for swallowing, a “Go, No-Go” functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm was designed. Brain activation associated with visually-cued swallowing was compared with brain activation evoked by a comparable visual cue instructing the subject not to swallow. Region-of-interest analyses performed on data from eight healthy subjects showed a significantly greater number of activated voxels within the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and ACC during the “Go” condition compared to the “No-Go” condition. This finding suggests that the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and ACC contribute primarily to the act of swallowing. In contrast, the numbers of activated voxels within the cuneus and precuneus were not significantly different for the “Go” and “No-Go” conditions, suggesting that these regions mediate processing of the cue to swallow. Together these findings support the view that the discrete cortical foci previously implicated in swallowing mediate functionally distinct components of the swallowing act.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by a Ontario Ministry Health Career Scientist Award to REM, a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) grant (REM), a Canada Research Chair Support to RSM, and a CIHR Maintenance grant (RSM). The authors acknowledge the valuable contributions of Dr. Christopher Thomas in computer programming and data analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6G 1H1, Canada

    Jillian A. Toogood, Ravi S. Menon & Ruth E. Martin

  2. School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6G 1H1, Canada

    Jillian A. Toogood & Amy M. Barr

  3. Faculty of Health Sciences, Elborn College, Room 2568, University of Western Ontario, N6G 1H1, London, Ontario, Canada

    Ruth E. Martin

  4. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6G 1H1, Canada

    Ravi S. Menon & Ruth E. Martin

  5. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6G 1H1, Canada

    Todd K. Stevens & Ravi S. Menon

  6. Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5A5, Canada

    Ravi S. Menon

  7. Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Research, Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Drive, Box 5015, London, Ontario, N6A 5K8, Canada

    Todd K. Stevens, Joseph S. Gati & Ravi S. Menon

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  1. Jillian A. Toogood
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Correspondence to Ruth E. Martin.

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Toogood, J.A., Barr, A.M., Stevens, T.K. et al. Discrete functional contributions of cerebral cortical foci in voluntary swallowing: a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) “Go, No-Go” study. Exp Brain Res 161, 81–90 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-004-2048-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-004-2048-1

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