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Large volume of water samples introduced in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of 15 triazole fungicides by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

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Abstract

A novel method of large volume of water samples directly introduced in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was developed, which is based on ultrasound/manual shaking-synergy-assisted emulsification and self-generating carbon dioxide gas (CO2) breaking down the emulsion for the determination of 15 triazole fungicides by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This technique makes low-density extraction solvent toluene (180 μL) dissolve in 200 mL of samples containing 0.05 mol L−1 of HCl and 5 % of NaCl (w/v) to form a well emulsion by synergy of ultrasound and manual shaking, and injects NaHCO3 solution (1.0 mol L−1) to generate CO2 achieving phase separation with the assistance of ultrasound. The entire process is accomplished within 8 min. The injection of NaHCO3 to generate CO2 achieves phase separation that breaks through the centrifugation limited large volume aqueous samples. In addition, the device could be easily cleaned, and this kind of vessel could be reconfigured for any volume of samples. Under optimal conditions, the low limits of detection ranging from 0.7 to 51.7 ng L−1, wide linearity, and enrichment factors obtained were in the range 924–3669 for different triazole fungicides. Southern end of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal water (Hangzhou, China) was used to verify the applicability of the developed method.

Flow chart of ultrasound/manual shaking-synergy-assisted emulsification and self-generating carbon dioxide gas breaking down the emulsion

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Acknowledgement

Support of this work by the Nature Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY16B050008), the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (2015C32006), Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues of Ministry of Agriculture Project (2014PRG01), Hangzhou Qianjiang Distinguished Experts Project (2014), and the New Talents Program for Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (2015R403064) are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China

    Jing Nie, Fujiang Chen, Zhiyu Song, Zuguang Li & Wenhan Liu

  2. Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China

    Caixia Sun

  3. Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China

    Caixia Sun

  4. Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, ROC, Taiwan

    Mawrong Lee

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  1. Jing Nie
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  2. Fujiang Chen
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  3. Zhiyu Song
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  4. Caixia Sun
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  5. Zuguang Li
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Correspondence to Zuguang Li or Wenhan Liu.

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Nie, J., Chen, F., Song, Z. et al. Large volume of water samples introduced in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of 15 triazole fungicides by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 408, 7461–7471 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9835-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9835-y

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