Abstract
The detection and localization of polymer-based nanoparticles in human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSC) by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS) is reported as an example for the mass spectrometry imaging of organic nanoparticles in cell environments. Polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) nanoparticles (NP) made of polyethylenimine (PEI) and cellulose sulfate (CS), which were developed as potential drug carrier and coatings for implant materials, were chosen for the imaging experiments. To investigate whether the PEI/CS–NP were taken up by the hBMSC ToF–SIMS measurements on cross sections of the cells and depth profiling of whole, single cells were carried out. Since the mass spectra of the PEI/CS nanoparticles are close to the mass spectra of the cells principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to get specific masses of the PEI/CS–NP. Mass fragments originating from the NP compounds especially from cellulose sulfate could be used to unequivocally detect and image the PEI/CS–NP inside the hBMSC. The findings were confirmed by light and transmission electron microscopy.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Sigrid Kettner (work group Prof. Arnhold, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen) for preparing the cross sections of the cell samples for TEM and ToF–SIMS analysis. We also would like to thank Dr. Anja Walther and Silke Tulok (CFCI Core Facility Cellular “Imaging”, MTZ Imaging Facility, Dresden University of Technology) for their support with the cLSM. We thank Dr. Anja Henss for all the helpfull discussions and Dan Graham, Ph.D., for developing the NESAC/BIO Toolbox used in this study and NIH grant EB-002027 for supporting the toolbox development. This study was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as part of the Collaborative Research Centre Transregio 79 (SFB/TRR 79–subproject M5, in collaboration with M7 and B4).
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Published in the topical collection Mass Spectrometry Imaging with guest editors Andreas Römpp and Uwe Karst.
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Kokesch-Himmelreich, J., Woltmann, B., Torger, B. et al. Detection of organic nanoparticles in human bone marrow-derived stromal cells using ToF–SIMS and PCA. Anal Bioanal Chem 407, 4555–4565 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8647-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8647-9