Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Haloperidol imprinted polymer: preparation, evaluation, and application for drug assay in brain tissue

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Several molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared in the present work, and their binding properties were evaluated in comparison with a nonimprinted polymer (NIP). An optimized MIP was selected and applied for selective extraction and analysis of haloperidol in rabbit brain tissue. A molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) method was developed for cleanup and preconcentration of haloperidol in brain samples before HPLC-UV analysis. Selectivity of the MISPE procedure was investigated using haloperidol and some structurally different drugs with similar polarity that could exist simultaneously in brain tissue. The extraction and analytical process was calibrated in the range of 0.05–10 ppm. The recovery of haloperidol in this MISPE process was calculated between 79.9 and 90.4 %. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the assay were 0.008 and 0.05 ppm, respectively. Intraday precision and interday precision values for haloperidol analysis were less than 5.86 and 7.63 %, respectively. The MISPE method could effectively extract and concentrate haloperidol from brain tissue in the presence of clozapine and imipramine. Finally, the imprinted polymer was successfully applied for the determination of haloperidol in a real rabbit brain sample after administration of a toxic dose. Therefore, the proposed MISPE method could be applied in the extraction and preconcentration before HPLC-UV analysis of haloperidol in rabbit brain tissue.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ACN:

Acetonitrile

AIBN:

2,2′-Azobisisobutyronitrile

B max :

Maximum binding sites

EGDMA:

Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate

IF:

Imprinting factor

K D :

Dissociation constant

MAA:

Methacrylic acid

MISPE:

Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction

NIP:

Nonimprinted polymer

References

  1. Hempenius J, Steenvoorden R, Lagerwerf F, Wieling J, Jonkman J (1999) ‘High throughput’ solid-phase extraction technology and turbo ionspray LC-MS-MS applied to the determination of haloperidol in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 20(6):889–898

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Arinobu T, Hattori H, Iwai M, Ishii A, Kumazawa T, Suzuki O, Seno H (2002) Liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric determination of haloperidol and its metabolites in human plasma and urine. J Chromatogr B 776(1):107–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Witchel HJ, Hancox JC, Nutt DJ (2003) Psychotropic drugs, cardiac arrhythmia, and sudden death. J Clin Psychopharmacol 23(1):58–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Haddad PM, Anderson IM (2002) Antipsychotic-related QTc prolongation, torsade de pointes and sudden death. Drugs 62(11):1649–1671

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Taftachi F, Sanaei-Zadeh H, Sepehrian B, Zamani N (2012) Lipid emulsion improves Glasgow coma scale and decreases blood glucose level in the setting of acute non-local anesthetic drug poisoning—a randomized controlled trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 16(Suppl 1):38–42

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cave G, Harvey M (2009) Intravenous lipid emulsion as antidote beyond local anesthetic toxicity: a systematic review. Acad Emerg Med 16(9):815–824

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Geib A-J, Liebelt E, Manini AF (2012) Clinical experience with intravenous lipid emulsion for drug-induced cardiovascular collapse. J Med Toxicol 8(1):10–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Weinberg G, Di Gregorio G, Hiller D, Hewett A, Sirianni A (2009) Reversal of haloperidol-induced cardiac arrest by using lipid emulsion. Ann Intern Med 150(10):737–738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Harvey M, Cave G (2007) Intralipid outperforms sodium bicarbonate in a rabbit model of clomipramine toxicity. Ann Emerg Med 49(2):178–185, e174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Sahebnasagh A, Karimi G, Mohajeri SA (2014) Preparation and evaluation of histamine imprinted polymer as a selective sorbent in molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography analysis in canned fish. Food Anal Methods 7(1):1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Hadizadeh F, Zakerian A, Mohajeri SA (2013) Non-covalently lactose imprinted polymers and recognition of saccharides in aqueous solutions. J Iran Chem Soc 10(2):207–212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Haupt K (2001) Molecularly imprinted polymers in analytical chemistry. Analyst 126(6):747–756

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Fan J, Wei Y, Wang J, Wu C, Shi H (2009) Study of molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction of diphenylguanidine and its structural analogs. Anal Chim Acta 639(1–2):42–50. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.045

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hadizadeh F, Hassanpour Moghadam M, Mohajeri SA (2013) Application of molecularly imprinted hydrogel for the preparation of lactose-free milk. J Sci Food Agric 93(2):304–309. doi:10.1002/jsfa.5757

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sun HW, Qiao FX, Liu GY (2006) Characteristic of theophylline imprinted monolithic column and its application for determination of xanthine derivatives caffeine and theophylline in green tea. J Chromatogr A 1134(1–2):194–200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Alizadeh T, Zare M, Ganjali MR, Norouzi P, Tavana B (2010) A new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in natural waters and soil samples. Biosens Bioelectron 25(5):1166–1172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mohajeri SA, Malaekeh-Nikouei B, Sadegh H (2012) Development of a pH-responsive imprinted polymer for diclofenac and study of its binding properties in organic and aqueous media. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 38(5):616–622

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Malaekeh-Nikouei B, Vahabzadeh SA, Mohajeri SA (2013) Preparation of a molecularly imprinted soft contact lens as a new ocular drug delivery system for dorzolamide. Curr Drug Deliv 10(3):279–285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Malaekeh-Nikouei B, Ghaeni FA, Motamedshariaty VS, Mohajeri SA (2012) Controlled release of prednisolone acetate from molecularly imprinted hydrogel contact lenses. J Appl Polym Sci 126(1):387–394

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Mohajeri SA, Karimi G, Khansari MR (2010) Clozapine imprinted polymers: synthesis, characterization and application for drug assay in human serum. Anal Chim Acta 683(1):143–148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Mohajeri SA, Ebrahimi SA (2008) Preparation and characterization of a lamotrigine imprinted polymer and its application for drug assay in human serum. J Sep Sci 31(20):3595–3602. doi:10.1002/jssc.200800377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Javanbakht M, Attaran AM, Namjumanesh MH, Esfandyari-Manesh M, Akbari-Adergani B (2010) Solid-phase extraction of tramadol from plasma and urine samples using a novel water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymer. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 878(20):1700–1706. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.04.006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Claude B, Viron-Lamy C, Haupt K, Morin P (2009) Synthesis of a molecularly imprinted polymer for the solid-phase extraction of betulin and betulinic acid from plane bark. Phytochem Anal 21(2):180–185. doi:10.1002/pca.1175

    Google Scholar 

  24. Weinmann W, Müller C, Vogt S, Frei A (2002) LC-MS-MS analysis of the neuroleptics clozapine, flupentixol, haloperidol, penfluridol, thioridazine, and zuclopenthixol in hair obtained from psychiatric patients. J Anal Toxicol 26(5):303–307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. da Fonseca B, Moreno I, Barroso M, Costa S, Queiroz J, Gallardo E (2013) Determination of seven selected antipsychotic drugs in human plasma using microextraction in packed sorbent and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 405(12):3953–3963

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. El-Rjoob A-W, Tahtamouni M, Tahboub YR (2010) Simultaneous analysis of fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, citalopram, and haloperidol in plasma by LC–ESI-IT-MS. Chromatographia 71(5–6):423–430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ebrahimzadeh H, Dehghani Z, Asgharinezhad AA, Shekari N, Molaei K (2013) Determination of haloperidol in biological samples using molecular imprinted polymer nanoparticles followed by HPLC-DAD detection. Int J Pharm 453(2):601–609

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Mohajeri SA, Hosseinzadeh H, Keyhanfar F, Aghamohammadian J (2010) Extraction of crocin from saffron (Crocus sativus) using molecularly imprinted polymer solid phase extraction. J Sep Sci 33(15):2302–2309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Chang W-H, Jaw S-S, Tsay L (1989) Chronic haloperidol treatment with low doses may enhance the increase of homovanillic acid in rat brain. Eur J Pharmacol 162(1):151–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Halici Z, Dursun H, Keles ON, Odaci E, Suleyman H, Aydin N, Cadirci E, Kalkan Y, Unal B (2009) Effect of chronic treatment of haloperidol on the rat liver: a stereological and histopathological study. Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 379(3):253–261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the Vice Chancellor of Research, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences for financial support through grant number 900160. The results described in this paper were part of a Pharm.D student (Abubakr Rahmani) thesis.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9196773117, Iran

    Aboubakr Rahmani, Adeleh Sahebnasagh & Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri

  2. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour

Authors
  1. Aboubakr Rahmani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Adeleh Sahebnasagh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rahmani, A., Mohammadpour, A.H., Sahebnasagh, A. et al. Haloperidol imprinted polymer: preparation, evaluation, and application for drug assay in brain tissue. Anal Bioanal Chem 406, 7729–7739 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8178-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8178-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation