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Effects of isoflavone interventions on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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Abstract

Summary

Isoflavones have a structure similar to 17β-estradiol, so they may be useful to postmenopausal women in preventing bone loss related to estrogen deficiency. The present study integrated the findings from 63 randomized controlled trials and found that isoflavone interventions may have benefits in the prevention and treatment of menopause-related osteoporosis.

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the efficacy of isoflavone interventions on bone density outcomes and the safety of isoflavone interventions in postmenopausal women by means of systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

A systematic search was performed on three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library). Included studies were limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of isoflavone intervention on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Mean difference (MD) in BMD or relative risk for adverse outcomes was used as a summary effect measure; pooled-effect estimates were calculated using a random-effects model.

Results

A total of 63 RCTs, involving 6427 postmenopausal women, were included in the meta-analysis. Statistically significant differences in BMD at the last follow-up visit between the two groups (isoflavones vs. control) were found at the lumbar spine (MD = 21.34 mg/cm2, 95% CI = 8.21 to 34.47 mg/cm2, p = 0.001), the femoral neck (MD = 28.88 mg/cm2, 95% CI = 15.05 to 42.71 mg/cm2, p < 0.0001), and the distal radius (MD = 19.27 mg/cm2, 95% CI = 5.65 to 32.89 mg/cm2, p = 0.006). The positive effects in improved BMD were primarily associated with two formulations, i.e., genistein 54 mg/day and ipriflavone 600 mg/day. Isoflavone interventions were generally safe and well tolerated.

Conclusion

Isoflavone interventions, genistein (54 mg/day) and ipriflavone (600 mg/day) in particular, have beneficial effects on BMD outcomes and are safe in postmenopausal women. They may be considered as a complementary or alternative option in the prevention and treatment of menopause-related osteoporosis.

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Funding

This work was partially supported by Chiang Mai University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    K. Sansai, M. Na Takuathung, R. Khatsri, S. Teekachunhatean, N. Hanprasertpong & N. Koonrungsesomboon

  2. Master of Science Program in Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    K. Sansai

  3. Center of Thai Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    S. Teekachunhatean

  4. Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    N. Koonrungsesomboon

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ESM 1

Risk of bias assessment of included studies. (PDF 249 kb)

ESM 2

Percentage change differences of BMD between the intervention group and the control group. (PDF 405 kb)

ESM 3

BMD at baseline between the two groups. (PDF 185 kb)

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Funnel plots and tests for funnel plot asymmetry. (PDF 271 kb)

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Sensitivity analysis. (PDF 17 kb)

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Sansai, K., Na Takuathung, M., Khatsri, R. et al. Effects of isoflavone interventions on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoporos Int 31, 1853–1864 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05476-z

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