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Osteochondral tissue engineering approaches for articular cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration

  • Experimental Study
  • Published:
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Aims and scope

Abstract

Purpose

Osteochondral defects (i.e., defects which affect both the articular cartilage and underlying subchondral bone) are often associated with mechanical instability of the joint and therefore with the risk of inducing osteoarthritic degenerative changes. This review addresses the current surgical treatments and most promising tissue engineering approaches for articular cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration.

Methods

The capability to repair osteochondral or bone defects remains a challenging goal for surgeons and researchers. So far, most clinical approaches have been shown to have limited capacity to treat severe lesions. Current surgical repair strategies vary according to the nature and size of the lesion and the preference of the operating surgeon. Tissue engineering has emerged as a promising alternative strategy that essentially develops viable substitutes capable of repairing or regenerating the functions of damaged tissue.

Results

An overview of novel and most promising osteochondroconductive scaffolds, osteochondroinductive signals, osteochondrogenic precursor cells, and scaffold fixation approaches are presented addressing advantages, drawbacks, and future prospectives for osteochondral regenerative medicine.

Conclusion

Tissue engineering has emerged as an excellent approach for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue, with the potential to circumvent all the limitations of autologous and allogeneic tissue repair.

Level of evidence

Systematic review, Level III.

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Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to Prof. M. Marcacci (Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute) for valuable discussion and constructive criticism. The authors acknowledge the financial support from European Union project “MAGISTER” NMP3-LA-2008-214685.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy

    Silvia Panseri, Alessandro Russo, Alice Bondi, Alessandro Di Martino, Silvia Patella & Elizaveta Kon

  2. Department of Human Anatomy and Physiopathology of the Locomotor Apparatus, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Silvia Panseri & Silvia Patella

  3. Laboratory of Bio-Magnetic Nanomaterials, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Faenza (RA), Italy

    Silvia Panseri

  4. Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy

    Carla Cunha

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  1. Silvia Panseri
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  6. Silvia Patella
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  7. Elizaveta Kon
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Correspondence to Silvia Panseri.

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Panseri, S., Russo, A., Cunha, C. et al. Osteochondral tissue engineering approaches for articular cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 20, 1182–1191 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-011-1655-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-011-1655-1

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