Abstract
Objective
To determine the concomitant incidence, molecular diversity, management and outcome of nosocomial candidemia and candiduria in intensive care unit (ICU) patients in France.
Design
A 1-year prospective observational study in 24 adult ICUs.
Patients
Two hundred and sixty-two patients with nosocomial candidemia and/or candiduria.
Measurements and results
Blood and urine samples were collected when signs of sepsis were present. Antifungal susceptibility of Candida strains was determined; in addition, all blood and 72% of urine C. albicans isolates were analyzed by using multi-locus sequence type (MLST). The mean incidences of candidemia and candiduria were 6.7 and 27.4/1000 admissions, respectively. Eight percent of candiduric patients developed candidemia with the same species. The mean interval between ICU admission and candidemia was 19.0 ± 2.9 days, and 17.2 ± 1.1 days for candiduria. C. albicans and C. glabrata were isolated in 54.2% and 17% of blood and 66.5% and 21.6% of urine Candida-positive cultures, respectively. Fluconazole was the most frequently prescribed agent. In all candidemic patients, the prescribed curative antifungal agent was active in vitro against the responsible identified strain. Crude ICU mortality was 61.8% for candidemic and 31.3% for candiduric patients. Seventy-five percent of the patients were infected with a unique C. albicans strain; cross-transmission between seven patients was suggested in one hospital.
Conclusions
Candidemia is late-onset ICU-acquired infection associated with high mortality. No difference in susceptibility and genetic background were found between blood and urine strains of Candida species.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Olivier Lortholary, Stéphane Bretagne, Joaquim Mateo, Eric Dannaoui and Yong Esnault for fruitful discussions and Patrick Schwarz and Michel Korenian for technical help. We are grateful to Christiane Bouchier and Arnaud Magnier, Génopole, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, for providing sequencing facilities. We thank the staff members of all the participating ICUs and microbiological/mycological laboratories who took part in the study.
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Financial support: This work was supported in part by Pfizer Laboratories, Paris, France.
Potential conflict of interest: M.E.B, G.K., P.A, C.D. and J.-Y.F.: no conflicts.
The members of the CandiRea Study Group are listed in the Appendix.
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CandiRea Study Group Members
CandiRea Study Group Members
C. Amrein, F. Bellenfant, A. Novara, V. Lavarde (Hôpital Européen-Georges Pompidou, Paris); M. Auburtin, C. Paugam-Burtz, C. Chochillon (Hôpital Bichat–Claude-Bernard, Paris); M.A Costa de Beauregard, J. Bizet, J.P. Fulgencio (Hôpital Tenon, Paris); S. Boudaoud, C. Lacroix, D. Moreau (Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris); C. Cerf, S. Bretagne (Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil); M.F. Mamzer, S. Challier (Hôpital Necker, Paris); J. Charpentier, F. Lebreton, H. Yéra (Hôpital Cochin Port-Royal, Paris); B. Clair, G. Loubert, E. Ronco (Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, Garches); M. Cornet, A. Rabbat (Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris); A. Datry, V. Leblond (Hôpital Pitié–Salpêtrière, Paris); A.S. Dumenil, D. Ingrand, F. Jacobs (Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, Clamart); J.M. Guérin, J. Mateo, J. Riahi (Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris); P. Guesnon, B. Page (Hôpital Ambroise-Paré, Boulogne); E. Mory, J.M. Ollivier, J.L. Poirot (Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris).
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Bougnoux, ME., Kac, G., Aegerter, P. et al. Candidemia and candiduria in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units in France: incidence, molecular diversity, management and outcome. Intensive Care Med 34, 292–299 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-007-0865-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-007-0865-y