Abstract
Winterhardiness has three primary components: photoperiod (day length) sensitivity, vernalization response, and low temperature tolerance. Photoperiod and vernalization regulate the vegetative to reproductive phase transition, and photoperiod regulates expression of key vernalization genes. Using two barley mapping populations, we mapped six individual photoperiod response QTL and determined their positional relationship to the phytochrome and cryptochrome photoreceptor gene families and the vernalization regulatory genes HvBM5A, ZCCT-H, and HvVRT-2. Of the six photoreceptors mapped in the current study (HvPhyA and HvPhyB to 4HS, HvPhyC to 5HL, HvCry1a and HvCry2 to 6HS, and HvCry1b to 2HL), only HvPhyC coincided with a photoperiod response QTL. We recently mapped the candidate genes for the 5HL VRN-H1 (HvBM5A) and 4HL VRN-H2 (ZCCT-H) loci, and in this study, we mapped HvVRT-2, the barley TaVRT-2 ortholog (a wheat flowering repressor regulated by vernalization and photoperiod) to 7HS. Each of these three vernalization genes is located in chromosome regions determining small photoperiod response QTL effects. HvBM5A and HvPhyC are closely linked on 5HL and therefore are currently both positional candidates for the same photoperiod effect. The coincidence of photoperiod-responsive vernalization genes with photoperiod QTL suggests vernalization genes should also be considered candidates for photoperiod effects.
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Acknowledgements
We wish to thank Olin Anderson and Devin Coleman-Derr (USDA-ARS, Albany) for their help with sequencing BAC clone 631P8, David Laurie (JIC, Norwich) for sharing HvPhyC and Fathey Sarhan (UQM, Montreal) for sharing TaVRT-2 sequence data prior to publication, and Kazuhiro Sato (RIB, Kurashiki) for supplying cDNA clones. This work was supported by an NSF Functional Genomics grant 0110124, and the USDA/CSREES United States Barley Genome Project.
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Communicated by J. W. Snape
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Szűcs, P., Karsai, I., von Zitzewitz, J. et al. Positional relationships between photoperiod response QTL and photoreceptor and vernalization genes in barley. Theor Appl Genet 112, 1277–1285 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0229-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0229-y