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Simultane antegrad-retrograde Steintherapie

Simultaneous antegrade-retrograde bladder stone therapy

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Zusammenfassung

Die aktuellen Leitlinien empfehlen bei großer Steinmasse die perkutane Nephrolithotomie (PCNL) als Verfahren der ersten Wahl. Komplexe Steinsituationen wie Ausgusssteine oder große periphere Steinmasse erfordern jedoch häufig mehrere Zugänge und mehrzeitige Verfahren – oft wird in diesen Fällen auch noch auf die offen-chirurgische Steinentfernung zurückgegriffen. Eine Alternative stellt die simultane antegrad-retrograde Steintherapie dar, bei der die PCNL mit der flexiblen Ureterorenoskopie (fURS) kombiniert wird. Die beiden Verfahren ergänzen sich, indem die fURS den Zugang zu engen Kelchen und die PCNL die einfache Entfernung der geborgenen Konkremente über den perkutanen Schaft ohne exzessive Desintegration ermöglichen. Selbst schwierige Steinsituationen können so einzeitig zur Steinfreiheit geführt werden. Nachteile sind sicherlich der große instrumentelle und personelle Aufwand (2 endoskopische Verfahren mit der Erfordernis von zwei Endoskopietürmen, 2 Operateure), der im DRG-System („diagnosis-related groups“) nicht suffizient abgebildet wird. Dazu wird die simultane Steinbehandlung in der Regel in Rücken-/Steinschnittlage durchgeführt, so dass auch der erfahrene perkutane Operateur mit einer neuen Situation und einer gewissen Lernkurve konfrontiert wird. Unsere eigenen Erfahrungen und die anderer Arbeitsgruppen zeigen jedoch, dass das simultane Vorgehen bei vorhandenem Equipment und entsprechender Expertise eine attraktive und effektive Ergänzung der minimal-invasiven Steintherapie darstellt.

Abstract

The current guidelines recommend percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) as the first choice procedure for large stone masses. Complex stone situations, such as formed stones or large peripheral stone masses, however, often necessitate several access points and multiple stage procedures. In such cases open surgical stone removal is often used. An alternative is simultaneous antegrade-retrograde stone therapy in which PCNL is combined with flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS). Both procedures complement each other in that fURS allows access to narrow calyces and PCNL the simple removal of buried concretions via the percutaneous shaft without excessive disintegration. Even difficult stone situations can be resolved simultaneously. Disadvantages are the high personnel and instrumental involvement (two endoscopic procedures with two endoscope towers and two operators) which is not adequately reflected in the diagnosis-related groups (DRG) remuneration system. Additionally simultaneous stone treatment is normally carried out in the supine lithotomy position so that even an experienced percutaneous surgeon is confronted with a new situation and a certain learning curve. Our own experiences and that of other working groups show, however, that the simultaneous approach represents an attractive and effective addition to minimally invasive stone therapy if the appropriate equipment and corresponding expertise are available.

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Knoll, T. Simultane antegrad-retrograde Steintherapie. Urologe 52, 686–690 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-013-3131-7

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