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Cell Tracking

Prinzipien und Anwendungen

Cell tracking

Principles and applications

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Zusammenfassung

Zelluläre Therapieverfahren wie Stammzelltherapien bei Morbus Parkinson oder Diabetes sowie adoptive Immuntherapien bei Krebs werden in Zukunft zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen. Ein Problem bei beiden Therapieverfahren stellt jedoch das qualitative und quantitative Monitoring der Therapie dar. Es ist wichtig zu wissen, ob die applizierten Zellen auch zu ihrem Zielgewebe gelangen und darüber hinaus auch noch funktionsfähig sind. Diese Informationen sind heute meist nur durch invasive Maßnahmen wie Blut- oder Gewebeproben zu erlangen. Das Verfahren des „Cell Tracking“, bei dem entweder direkt oder über Markergene markierte Zellen mit verschiedenen bildgebenden Verfahren (MRT, optische oder nuklearmedizinische Verfahren) in vivo dargestellt und verfolgt werden können, verspricht für die Therapiekontrolle von großem Nutzen zu sein, zumal unter geeigneten Voraussetzungen nicht nur die Anzahl der Zellen erfasst werden kann, sondern auch deren Funktionalität. Auch in der Grundlagenforschung wird das Cell Tracking zunehmend eingesetzt, nicht nur zur Entwicklung zellulärer Therapien, sondern auch zur Erforschung pathologischer Prozesse wie etwa der Metastasierung. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden die Prinzipien des Cell Tracking erläutert und an ausgewählten Beispielen verdeutlicht.

Abstract

Cell based therapies such as stem cell therapies or adoptive immunotherapies are currently being explored as a potential treatment for a variety of diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, diabetes or cancer. However, quantitative and qualitative evaluation of adoptively transferred cells is indispensable for monitoring the efficiency of the treatment. Current approaches mostly analyze transferred cells from peripheral blood, which cannot assess whether transferred cells actuallyhome to and stay in the targeted tissue. Using cell-labeling methods such as direct labeling or transfection with a marker gene in conjunction with various imaging modalities (MRI, optical or nuclear imaging), labeled cells can be followed in vivo in real-time, and their accumulation as well as function in vivo can be monitored and quantified accurately. This method is usually referred to as “cell tracking” or “cell trafficking” and is also being applied in basic biological sciences, exemplified in the evaluation of genes contributing to metastasis. This review focuses on principles of this promising methodology and explains various approaches by highlighting recent examples.

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Danksagung

Die Autoren danken Herrn cand. med. Lukas Kremmler für das Korrekturlesen des Manuskripts. Moritz Kircher dankt der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft für ein Forschungsstipendium und der American Heart Association für ein Postdoctoral Fellowship Award. Jan Grimm dankt der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft für ein Forschungsstipendium sowie der Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) für einen Research Seed Grant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA, New York, NY 10021, 1275 York Avenue

    Jan Grimm

  2. Dept. of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, USA, Boston

    Moritz F. Kircher

  3. Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, USA, Boston

    Ralph Weissleder

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  1. Jan Grimm
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  2. Moritz F. Kircher
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Correspondence to Jan Grimm.

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Gleicher Beitrag der Autoren J. Grimm und M.F. Kircher.

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Grimm, J., Kircher, M. & Weissleder, R. Cell Tracking. Radiologe 47, 25–33 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-006-1449-5

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