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Anatomie des oberen Ösophagussphinkters

Anatomy of the upper esophageal sphincter

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Zusammenfassung

Der obere Ösophagussphinkter (oÖS) ermöglicht den Verschluss zwischen Pharynx und Ösophagus. Aufgrund seiner Barrierefunktion dient er der Refluxvermeidung und der Verhinderung einer Aerophagie, bei Öffnung ermöglicht er die Speiseboluspassage beim Schlucken, die Eruktation sowie auch die Emesis. Der oÖS stellt eine eigenständige Funktionseinheit dar. Zur Verschlussmuskulatur gehören kaudale Anteile des M. constrictor pharyngis inferior sowie kraniale Anteile der Ösophagusmuskulatur, die Öffnung wird über Muskulatur vermittelt, die in der Sphinkterregion von außen an Pharynx und Larynx ansetzt. An der Innervation des oÖS sind der N. glossopharyngeus und der N. vagus beteiligt, die zentrale Steuerung erfolgt wahrscheinlich über mehrere Reflexbögen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Wissensstand zur komplexen Anatomie des oÖS.

Abstract

The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) forms a barrier between the pharynx and the esophagus. When closed, the barrier function serves to prevent reflux and aerophagia; when open, swallowing, belching and vomiting are possible. The closing muscles include caudal parts of the inferior pharyngeal sphincter and cranial parts of the upper esophagus musculature. Sphincter opening is achieved by muscles that insert from the outside to connect to the larynx and pharynx in the sphincter region. The closing muscles are innervated by branches of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves, and central control is probably mediated by several reflexes. This article presents an overview of the current understanding of the complex UES anatomy.

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Notes

  1. Im Folgenden bezieht sich die Abkürzung oÖS auf die gesamte Funktionseinheit „oberer Ösophagussphinkter“.

Abbreviations

CO:

kraniale Ösophagusmuskulatur

CP:

Pars cricopharyngea

CPF:

Pars fundiformis der Pars cricopharyngea

CPO:

Pars obliqua der Pars cricopharyngea

MCPI:

Musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior

oÖS:

oberer Ösophagussphinkter

TP:

Pars thyropharyngea

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. M. Jungheim, S. Miller, D. Kühn, C. Schwemmle, J.P. Schneider, M. Ochs und M. Ptok geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland

    M. Jungheim, S. Miller, D. Kühn, C. Schwemmle & M. Ptok

  2. Institut für Funktionelle und Angewandte Anatomie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland

    J.P. Schneider & M. Ochs

Authors
  1. M. Jungheim
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  2. S. Miller
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  3. D. Kühn
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  4. C. Schwemmle
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  5. J.P. Schneider
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  6. M. Ochs
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  7. M. Ptok
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Correspondence to M. Jungheim.

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Jungheim, M., Miller, S., Kühn, D. et al. Anatomie des oberen Ösophagussphinkters. HNO 62, 385–394 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-014-2845-1

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