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Die Untersuchung des Riechvermögens

Examination of the sense of smell

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Zusammenfassung

Riechstörungen sind häufig. Bei 5–6% der Allgemeinbevölkerung findet sich eine funktionelle Anosmie, ab einem Alter von etwa 55 Jahren findet sich ein eingeschränktes Riechvermögen bei etwa 25% der Fälle. Eine genaue Untersuchung ist notwendig, um die Beschwerden des Patienten beschreiben sowie deren mögliche Ursachen erfassen zu können. Hinsichtlich Diagnostik und eventueller Therapie von Riech- oder Schmeckstörung sind Fortschritte v. a. dadurch möglich, dass standardisierte Verfahren zur Testung der chemischen Sinne zur Verfügung stehen. In dieser Arbeit werden Verfahren zur ortho- und retronasalen psychophysischen Untersuchung des Riechvermögens beschrieben sowie die Ableitung olfaktorisch evozierter Potenziale. Daneben werden Möglichkeiten hinsichtlich der Untersuchung der intranasalen trigeminalen Sensitivität, der Volumetrie des Bulbus olfactorius sowie der immunhistochemischen Untersuchung von Biopsien aus der Regio olfactoria als mögliche diagnostische Methoden erörtert.

Abstract

Olfactory disorders are common. Functional anosmia is present in about 5–6% of the general population, while from the age of about 55 years the olfactory sense is restricted in about 25% of cases. A precise examination is necessary to describe the patient’s symptoms and ascertain possible reasons for them. As far as diagnosis and possible treatment of olfactory or gustatory disorders are concerned, the main advantage allowing progress is the availability of standardised methods of testing the chemical senses. In this article procedures for orthonasal and retronasal psychophysical examination of the olfactory sense and the derivation of potentials evoked by olfactory stimuli are described. In addition, possible ways of examining the intranasal sensitivity of the trigeminal nerve and measuring the volume of the olfactory bulb, and also for immunochemical investigation of biopsies from the olfactory region, are discussed as possible means of reaching a diagnosis.

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  1. HNO Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland

    T. Hummel, A. Hähner & M. Witt

  2. Clinique et Policlinique d’ORL et de Chirurgie cervico-faciale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève, Schweiz

    B.N. Landis

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  1. T. Hummel
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Hummel, T., Hähner, A., Witt, M. et al. Die Untersuchung des Riechvermögens. HNO 55, 827–838 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-007-1593-x

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