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Effect of bone sialoprotein coating on progression of bone formation in a femoral defect model in rats

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Abstract

Purpose

In orthopedic and trauma surgery, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds are widely used as substitute for autologous bone grafts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone formation in a femoral condyle defect model in rats after scaffold-coating with bioactive bone sialoprotein (BSP). Our hypothesis was that BSP-coating results in additional bone formation.

Methods

In 20 Wistar rats, defects of 3.0 mm diameter were drilled into the lateral femoral condyles of both legs. BSP-coated scaffolds or uncoated control scaffolds were implanted into the defects. After 4 and 8 weeks, five rats of each group were euthanized, respectively. µCT scans and histological analyses were performed. The ratio of bone volume–total volume (BV/TV) was analyzed and histological sections were evaluated.

Results

At week four, bone fraction reached 5.2 ± 1.7% in BSP-coated scaffolds and 4.5 ± 3.2% in the control (p = 0.06). While bone fraction of the BSP-group did not change much between week four and eight [week eight: 5.4 ± 3.8% (p = 0.53)], there was a tendency towards an increase in the control [week eight: 7.0 ± 2.2% (p = 0.08)]. No significant difference in bone fraction were observable between BSP-coated and uncoated scaffolds at week eight (p = 0.08).

Conclusions

A significant superiority of BSP-coated scaffolds over uncoated scaffolds could not be proven. However, BSP-coating showed a tendency towards improving bone ingrowth in the scaffolds 4 weeks after implantation. This effect was only short-lived: bone growth in the control scaffolds tended to outpace that of the BSP-group at week eight.

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Acknowledgements

We gracefully thank Ute Zerfaß (former Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Mainz) for preparation of histological slices according to the cutting and grinding method as well as for toluidine blue staining.

Funding

The research project was funded by Immundiagnostik AG (Bensheim, Germany).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Anja Klein and Andreas Baranowski contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Biomatics Group, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

    Anja Klein, Andreas Baranowski, Ulrike Ritz, Christiane Mack, Eva Langendorf, Philipp Drees, Pol M. Rommens & Alexander Hofmann

  2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

    Bilal Al-Nawas

  3. Platform for Biomaterial Research, Biomatics Group, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

    Hermann Götz

  4. Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics 1, Westpfalz-Medical Centre Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany

    Alexander Hofmann

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  1. Anja Klein
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Correspondence to Andreas Baranowski.

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Conflict of interest

Anja Klein, Andreas Baranowski, Ulrike Ritz, Christiane Mack, Hermann Götz, Eva Langendorf, Bilal Al-Nawas, Philipp Drees, Pol M. Rommens and Alexander Hofmann declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical standards

The local ethics committee (registration number: G 15-1-093, date of issue: 21.01.2016) approved this study. National regulations for care and use of laboratory animals were respected at all times.

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Klein, A., Baranowski, A., Ritz, U. et al. Effect of bone sialoprotein coating on progression of bone formation in a femoral defect model in rats. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 46, 277–286 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-019-01159-5

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