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Biocompatibility considerations at stimulating electrode interfaces

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Abstract

The choice of biocompatible stimulating electrodes for various biomedical applications varies with the type of electrode-tissue interface, biomolecules present, electrolyte background, preparation of electrode, interfacial potential, current density, electrode material, porosity, geometry, and inflammatory response. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the importance of these parameters. Topics discussed are: A) DC electrodes applied to partially keratinized epithelial membranes; B) Variation of the electrical impedance and biocompatibility of stimulating electrodes with electrode potential and surrounding pH; C) Influence of electrode geometry, porosity and pore size on biocompatibility; D) Body defense mechanisms at the sites of implantable stimulating electrodes; E) Thrombus formation at stimulating electrode interfaces and F) Sterilization of electrodes to ensure biocompatibility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Engineering and Science Institute, Drexel University, 19104, Philadelphia, PA

    R. B. Beard

  2. Chung Yuan University, Taiwan, Republic of China

    B. N. Hung

  3. Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD

    Robert Schmukler

Authors
  1. R. B. Beard
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  2. B. N. Hung
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  3. Robert Schmukler
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The mention of commercial products, their sources, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as either an implied or actual endorsement of such products by the Department of Health and Human Services.

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Beard, R.B., Hung, B.N. & Schmukler, R. Biocompatibility considerations at stimulating electrode interfaces. Ann Biomed Eng 20, 395–410 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02368539

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