Skip to main content
Log in

The biochemistry of orbiviruses

  • Brief Review
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Appleton, J. A., Letchworth, G. J.: Monoclonal antibody analysis of serotype restricted and unrestricted bluetongue viral antigenic determinants. Virology124, 286–299 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bellamy, A. R., Shapiro, L., August, T. J., Joklik, W. K.: Studies on reovirus RNA. I. Characterization of reovirus genome RNA. J. Mol. Biol.29, 1–17 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Borden, E. C., Shope, R. E., Murphy, F. A.: Physicochemical and morphological relationships of some arthropod-borne viruses to bluetongue virus—a new taxonomic group. Physicochemical and serological studies. J. gen. Virol.13, 261–271 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Borsa, J., Graham, A. F.: Reovirus: RNA polymerase activity in purified virions. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.33, 896–901 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bremer, C. W.: A gel electrophoretic study of the protein and nucleic acid components of African horsesickness virus. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res.43, 193–200 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Carley, J. G., Standfast, H. A.: Corriparta virus: Properties and multiplication in experimentally inoculated mosquitoes. Am. J. Epidemiol.89, 583–592 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Casals, J.: Antigenic classification of arthropod-borne viruses. Proc. 6th Int. Congr. Trop. Med. Malaria5, 34–47 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  8. De Villiers, E.-M.: Comparison of the capsid polypeptides of various bluetongue virus serotypes. Intervirol.3, 47–53 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Doherty, R. L., Carley, J. G., Standfast, H. A., Dyce, A. L., Kay, B. H., Snowdon, W. A.: Isolation of arboviruses from mosquitoes, biting midges, sandflies and vertebrates collected in Queensland 1969 and 1970. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.67, 536–543 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gomatos, P. J., Prakash, O. M., Stamatos, N. M.: Small reovirus particles composed solely of sigma NS with specificity for binding different nucleic acids. J. Virol.39, 115–124 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Gorman, B. M.: Variation in orbiviruses. J. gen. Virol.44, 1–15 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gorman, B. M.: On the evolution of orbiviruses. Intervirol.20 169–180 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Gorman, B. M., Taylor, J.: The RNA genome of Tilligerry virus. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci.56, 359–367 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gorman, B. M., Taylor, J., Walker, P. J.: Orbiviruses. In:Joklik, W. K. (ed.), The Reoviridae, 287–357, New York: Plenum Press 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gorman, B. M., Taylor, J., Walker, P. J., Davidson, W. L., Brown, F.: Comparison of bluetongue type 20 with certain viruses of the bluetongue and Eubenangee serological groups of orbiviruses. J. gen. Virol.57, 251–261 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gorman, B. M., Taylor, J., Walker, P. J., Young, P. R.: The isolation of recombinants between related orbiviruses. J. gen. Virol.41, 333–342 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Gorman, B. M., Walker, P. J., Taylor, J.: Electrophoretic separation of double stranded RNA genome segments from Warrego and Mitchell River viruses. Arch. Virol.54, 153–158 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Green, I. J.: Evidence for the double stranded nature of the RNA of Colorado tick fever virus. Virology40, 1056–1059 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Holmes, I. H., Ruck, B. J., Bishop, R. F., Davidson, G. P.: Infantile enteritis viruses: morphogenesis and morphology. J. Virol.16, 937–943 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Howell, P. G., Verwoerd, D. W., Oellerman, R. A.: Plaque formation by bluetongue virus. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res.34, 317–332 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Huismans, H.: Macromolecular synthesis in bluetongue virus infected cells. I. Virus specific ribonucleic acid synthesis. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res.37, 191–198 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Huismans, H.: Host cell protein synthesis after infection with bluetongue virus and reovirus. Virology46, 500–503 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Huismans, H.: Protein synthesis in bluetongue virus infected cells. Virology92, 385–396 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Huismans, H., Basson, H. M.: The characterization of a phosphorylated non-structural polypeptide of bluetongue virus with affinity for RNA. In:Compans, R. W., Bishop, D. H. L. (eds.), Double-Stranded RNA Viruses, 173–181. New York: Elsevier Biomedical 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Huismans, H., Bremer, C. W.: A comparison of an Australian bluetongue virus isolate (CSIRO 19) with other bluetongue virus serotypes by cross-hybridization and cross-immune precipitation. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res.48, 59–67 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Huismans, H., Bremer, C. W., Barber, T. L.: Nucleic acid and proteins of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res.46, 95–104 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Huismans, H., Els, H. J.: Characterization of the tubules associated with the replication of three different orbiviruses. Virology92, 397–406 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Huismans, H., Erasmus, B. J.: Identification of the serotype-specific and group-specific antigens of bluetongue virus. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res.48, 51–58 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Huismans, H., Howell, P. G.: Molecular hybridization studies on the relationships between different serotypes of bluetongue virus and on the difference between virulent and attenuated strains of the same serotype. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res.40, 93–104 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Huismans, H., Joklik, W. K.: Reovirus coded polypeptides in infected cells: Isolation of two native monomeric polypeptides with affinity for single-stranded and double-stranded RNA, respectively. Virology70, 411–424 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Huismans, H., van der Walt, N. T., Cloete, M., Erasmus, B. J.: The biochemical and immunological characterization of bluetongue virus outer capsid polypeptides. In:Compans, R. W., Bishop, D. H. L. (eds.), Double-Stranded RNA Viruses, 165–172. New York: Elsevier Biomedical 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Huismans, H., Verwoerd, D. W.: Control of transcription during the expression of the bluetongue virus genome. Virology52, 81–88 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Joklik, W. K.: Reproduction of Reoviridae. In:Fraenkel-Conrat, H., Wagner, R. R. (eds.), Comprehensive Virology, Vol. 2, 231–334. New York: Plenum Press 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kuichi, A., Rao, C. D., Roy, P.: Analysis of bluetongue viral RNA sequences. In:Compans, R. W., Bishop, D. H. L. (eds.), Double-Stranded RNA Viruses, 55–64. New York: Elsevier Biomedical 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Knudson, D. L.: Genome of Colorado tick fever virus. Virology112, 361–364 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Laemmli, U. K.: Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature (London)227, 680–685 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Lecatsas, G.: Electron microscopic studies of the formation of bluetongue virus. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res.35, 139–150 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Lecatsas, G., Erasmus, B. J.: Electron microscopic study of the formation of Africahorsesickness virus. Arch. ges. Virusforsch.22, 442–450 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Lecatsas, G., Erasmus, B. J., Els, H. J.: Electron microscopic studies on equine encephalosis virus. Ondersteport J. Vet. Res.40, 53–58 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Lewanczuk, R., Yamamoto, T.: Replication and release of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in BHK-21 cells. J. gen. Virol.61, 233–244 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Martin, S. A., Pett, D. M., Zweerink, H. J.: Studies on the topography of reovirus and bluetongue virus capsid proteins. J. Virol.12, 194–198 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Martin, S. A., Zweerink, H. J.: Isolation and characterization of two types of bluetongue virus particles. Virology50, 495–506 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Matthews, R. E. F.: Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Intervirology17, 1–200 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Murphy, F. A., Borden, E. C., Shope, R. E., Harrison, A.: Physicochemical and morphological relationships of some arthropod-borne viruses to bluetongue virus — a new taxonomic group: Electron microscopic studies. J. gen. Virol.13, 273–288 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Murphy, F. A., Coleman, P. H., Harrison, A. K., Gary, G. W., Jr.: Colorado tick fever virus: An electron microscopic study. Virology35, 28–40 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Oellermann, R. A., Els, H. J., Erasmus, B. J.: Characterization of African horsesickness virus. Arch. ges. Virusforsch.29, 163–174 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Osburn, B. I., McGowan, B., Heron, B., Loomis, E., Bushnell, R., Stott, J., Utterback, W.: Epizootiologic study of bluetongue: virologic and serologic results. Am. J. Vet. Res.42, 884–887 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Oshiro, L. S., Emmons, R. W.: Electron microscopic observations of Colorado tick fever virus in BHK-21 and KB cells. J. gen. Virol.3, 279–280 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Ozawa, Y.: Studies on the replication of African horsesickness virus in two different cell line cultures. Arch. ges. Virusforsch.21, 155–169 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Payne, C. C., Rivers, C. F.: A provisional classification of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses based on the sizes of the RNA genome segments. J. gen. Virol.33, 71–85 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Polson, A., Deeks, D.: Electron microscopy of neurotropic African horsesickness virus. J. Hyg.61, 149–153 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Rao, C. D., Kiuchi, A., Roy, P.: Homologous terminal sequences of the genome double-stranded RNAs of bluetongue virus. J. Virol.46, 378–383 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Rodger, S. M., Holmes, I. H.: Comparison of the genomes of simian, bovine and human rotaviruses by gel electrophoresis and detection of genomic variation among bovine isolates. J. Virol.30, 839–846 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Rosenbergová, M., Slavik, I.: Ribonuclease-resistant RNA of Kemerovo virus. Acta Virol.19, 67–72 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Sangar, D. V., Mertens, P. P. C.: Comparison of type 1 bluetongue virus protein synthesisin vivo andin vitro. In:Compans, R. W., Bishop, D. H. L. (eds.), Double-Stranded RNA Viruses, 183–191. New York: Elsevier Biomedical 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Shatkin, A. J., Sipe, J. D.: Single-stranded adenine-rich RNA from purified reoviruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.59, 246–253 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  57. Shatkin, A. J., Sipe, J. D., Lol, P.: Separation of ten reovirus genome segments by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J. Virol.2, 986–991 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Shipham, S. O., De La Rey, M.: The isolation and preliminary genetic classification of temperature sensitive mutants of bluetongue virus. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res.43, 189–192 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Skechel, J. J., Joklik, W. K.: Studies on thein vitro transcription of reovirus RNA catalysed by reovirus cores. Virology39, 822–831 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Snyder, J. A., McIntosh, J. R.: Biochemistry and physiology of microtubules. Ann. Rev. Biochem.45, 699–720 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Squire, K. R. E., Osburn, B. I., Chuang, R. Y., Doi, R. H.: A survey of electropherotype relationships of bluetongue virus isolates from the Western U.S.A. J. gen. Virol.64, 2103–2115 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Stone, K. R., Smith, R. E., Joklik, W. K.: Changes in membrane polypeptides that occur when chick embryo fibroblasts and NRK cells are transformed with avian sarcoma viruses. Virology58, 86–100 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Studdert, M. J., Pangborn, J., Addison, R. B.: Bluetongue virus structure. Virology29, 509–511 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  64. Sugiyama, K., Bishop, D. H. L., Roy, P.: Analysis of the genomes of bluetongue viruses recovered in the United States. I. Oligonucleotide fingerprint studies that indicate the existence of naturally occurring reassortment BTV isolates. Virology114, 210–217 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  65. Sugiyama, K., Bishop, D. H. L., Roy, P.: Analysis of the genomes of bluetongue viruses recovered from different states of the United States and at different times. Am. J. Epidemiol.115, 332–347 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  66. Suzuki, Y., Saito, Y., Nakagowa, S.: Double-stranded RNA of Ibaraki virus. Virology76, 670–674 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  67. Theiler, M.: Action of sodium deoxycholate on arthropod-borne viruses. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.96, 380–382 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  68. Thomas, F. C., Miller, J.: A comparison of bluetongue virus and EHD virus: Electron microscopy and serology. Can. J. Comp. Med.35, 22–31 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  69. Van Dijk, A. A., Huismans, H.: Thein vitro activation and further characterization of the bluetongue virus associated transcriptase. Virology104, 347–356 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  70. Verwoerd, D. W.: Purification and characterization of bluetongue virus. Virology38, 203–212 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  71. Verwoerd, D. W.: Diplornaviruses: A newly recognised group of double-stranded RNA viruses. Prog. Med. Virol.12, 192–210 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  72. Verwoerd, D. W.: Failure to demonstratein vitro as opposed toin vivo transcription of the bluetongue virus genome. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res.37, 225–228 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  73. Verwoerd, D. W., Els, H. J., De Villiers, E. M., Huismans, H.: Structure of the bluetongue virus capsid. J. Virol.10, 783–794 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  74. Verwoerd, D. W., Huismans, H.: On the relationship between bluetongue, African horsesickness and reoviruses: Hybridization studies. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res.36, 175–180 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  75. Verwoerd, D. W., Huismans, H., Erasmus, B. J.: Orbiviruses. In:Fraenkel-Conrat, H., Wagner, R. R. (eds.), Comprehensive Virology, Vol. 14, 285–345. New York: Plenum Press 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Verwoerd, D. W., Louw, H., Oellermann, R. A.: Characterization of bluetongue virus ribonucleic acid. J. Virol.5, 1–7 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  77. Walker, P. J., Mansbridge, J. N., Gorman, B. M.: Genetic analysis of orbiviruses by using RNase T1 oligonucleotide fingerprints. J. Virol.34, 583–591 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  78. Wood, H. A.: Viruses with double-stranded RNA genomes. J. gen. Virol.21, 61–85 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  79. Zweerink, H. J., Joklik, W. K.: Studies on the intracellular synthesis of reovirus specified proteins. Virology41, 501–518 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

With 2 Figures

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Spence, R.P., Moore, N.F. & Nuttall, P.A. The biochemistry of orbiviruses. Archives of Virology 82, 1–18 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01309364

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01309364

Keywords

Navigation