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Validating a Short Conners CPT 3 as a Screener: Predicting Self-reported CDC Concussion Symptoms in Children, Adolescents, and Adults

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Abstract

Objective

Brevity is critical to the broad adoption of any screening measure. We examine the efficacy of a short Conners Continuous Performance Test (CCPT 3) to screen for concussion symptoms.

Method

Data were from 20 U.S. sites, including university/schools conducting baseline testing (N = 817) and post-concussion assessments in medical settings (N = 108) from March 2018 to March 2020. Nine hundred twenty-five participants (57.3% female) aged 8–66 (M = 19.4, SD = 6.1) completed the computerized CCPT 3, Balance Error Scoring System, NIH 4-meter gait test, and 31-item Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) concussion symptom checklist.

Results

Short CCPT 3 scores correlate highly with full CCPT 3, with coefficients of .70–.96 (M = .88). Short CCPT 3 explains 16.8% variance in CDC concussion symptoms (F(8, 910) = 23.01, p < .001; Cohen’s d = .90) and provides incremental validity (15% variance; d = .78) over behavioral measures (Fchange (8, 842) = 20.11, p < .001). Predictive validity of the short CCPT 3 was greater for those having a recent concussion (22.1% variance, d = 1.07; F(8, 97) = 3.45, p= .002). Scores also predict concussion history.

Conclusions

The short CCPT 3 yields large effect sizes when predicting CDC concussion symptoms, compares favorably to other concussion measures, and shows no trade-off from the full CCPT, which has previously predicted concussion symptoms and severity. Short CCPT 3 scores can objectively quantify cognitive functioning to serve as a screener and inform return-to-play decisions even for post-acute presentations in children, adolescents, and adults.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 South College Rd, Wilmington, NC, 28403-5612, USA

    Len Lecci, C. Thomas Freund, Faith S. Crews & Julian Keith

  2. Revibe Technologies, Wake Forest, USA

    Lindsay E. Ayearst

  3. Atlus Assessments, Toronto, Canada

    Gill Sitarenios

  4. SportGait, Wilmington, USA

    Blair Pickett & Kelly Dugan

  5. University of North Florida, Jacksonville, USA

    Lori Lange

  6. University of Tennessee Chattanooga, Chattanooga, USA

    Amanda Clark

  7. Marshall University, Huntington, USA

    Thomas Linz

  8. New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, USA

    Sasi Taravath & Mark Williams

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Lecci, L., Freund, C.T., Ayearst, L.E. et al. Validating a Short Conners CPT 3 as a Screener: Predicting Self-reported CDC Concussion Symptoms in Children, Adolescents, and Adults. J Pediatr Neuropsychol 7, 169–181 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40817-021-00107-9

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