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Electrochemical arrays coupled with magnetic separators for immunochemistry

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Bioanalytical Reviews

Abstract

Electrochemical methods are increasingly applied to immunoassays, because they overcome problems associated with other modes of detection. In particular, with respect to conventional immunoassays, electrochemical immunosensors show versatility, reliability, and fast analysis time. In immunosensor strategy, the antigen or antibody can be immobilized directly onto the surface of the electrochemical transducer that will finally be used to reveal the amount of the affinity reaction. However, the use of the electrode surface as a solid phase as well as an electrochemical transducer presents some problems: a shielding of the surface by biospecifically bound antibody molecules can cause hindrance in the electron transfer, resulting in a reduced voltammetric signal. Thus, as an alternative solid phase, magnetic beads because of their low toxicity and high biocompatibility have gained much attention in chemistry, associated with various analytical techniques, due to their suitability for immobilization of biomolecules. Magnetic micro- or nanobeads can be separated easily and quickly by magnetic forces and will be used together with bioaffine ligands, e.g., antibodies or proteins with a high affinity to the target. The special advantages of magnetic separation techniques are the fast and simple handling of a sample vial and the opportunity to deal with large sample volumes without the need for time-consuming centrifugation steps. This also makes biomagnetic separation ideal for automated assay/analysis systems which will play a very important role in the near future. This review presents some examples of immunochemical assay developed using magnetic beads as a solid phase coupled with electrochemical detection techniques, in particular, using electrochemical arrays as transducers. Applications related to static measurements, together with in-flow detection systems are presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Chimica, Polo Scientifico, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy

    Serena Laschi & Marco Mascini

  2. Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy

    Sonia Centi

  3. Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Viale medaglie d’oro 305, 00136, Rome, Italy

    Marco Mascini

Authors
  1. Serena Laschi
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  2. Sonia Centi
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  3. Marco Mascini
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Correspondence to Marco Mascini.

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Laschi, S., Centi, S. & Mascini, M. Electrochemical arrays coupled with magnetic separators for immunochemistry. Bioanal Rev 3, 11–25 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12566-010-0020-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12566-010-0020-z

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