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Toxin immunosensors and sensor arrays for food quality control

  • Published:
Bioanalytical Reviews

Abstract

The global efforts to improve consumer protection and public health lead to an increasing number of analytical approaches applicable to food analysis and process control. Biosensor systems are efficient analytical tools to monitor production processes or storage of nutrition and to control contamination outbreaks as they are easy-to-use, fast, and with minimal effort on sample preparation. Relevant targets of immunosensors implemented to food safety are prevalent bacterial toxins (staphylococcal enterotoxins and clostridial toxins), plant toxins (Ricin), mycotoxins (aflatoxins and ochratoxin A), marine toxins, and other pathogenic bacterial contaminations (Listeria, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, or Escherichia coli). These cause acute intoxication and also chronic diseases in humans consuming contaminated food. Promising approaches for the determination of different types of toxins in food matrices will be outlined. The corresponding sensor systems use immunological receptor units such as antibodies or antigens and include optical (fluorescence and surface plasmon resonance), electrochemical, or acoustical readout methods. This review is focused on recent developments of sensor formats devoted to food safety control and is structured according to the type of toxin or contaminant that is recognized. It is intended to give an overview on emerging sensor technologies and their potential applications for the rapid analysis of the most important food poisoning agents.

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Abbreviations

AP:

Alkaline phosphatase

ATR:

Attenuated total reflection

BoNT:

Botulinum neurotoxin

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

CCD:

Charge-coupled device

CWC:

Chemical Weapons Convention

DON:

Deoxynivalenol

DPV:

Differential pulse voltammetry

EAPM:

Electrically active polyaniline-coated magnetic

ECL:

Electrochemoluminescence

EDC:

N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride

ELFA:

Enzyme-linked fluorescent assay

ELIMCL:

Enzyme-linked immunomagnetic chemiluminescence

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization

FIA:

Flow injection analysis

FITC:

Fluorescein isothiocyanate

HPLC:

High-pressure liquid chromatography

HRP:

Horseradish peroxidase

IARC:

International Agency for Research on Cancer

ISO:

International Organization for Standardization

LD50:

Lethal dose (50% of the tested organisms die)

LED:

Light-emitting diode

LOD:

Limit of detection

MED:

Multichannel electrochemical detection

MS:

Mass spectrometry

NHS:

N-hydroxysuccinimide

NPP:

Nitrophenylphosphate

OTA:

Ochratoxin A

OWLS:

Optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PDMS:

Polydimethylsulfoxide

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PEMC:

Piezoelectric-excited, millimeter-sized cantilever

PMMA:

Polymethylmethacrylate

PZT:

Lead zirconate titanate

QCM:

Quartz crystal microbalance

RPLA:

Reversed passive latex agglutination assay

SPE:

Screen-printed electrode

SPR:

Surface plasmon resonance

TMB:

Tetramethylbenzidine

TPA:

Tripropylamine

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the European Union for financial support by the Integrated Project BIOTRACER under the 6th RTD Framework.

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  1. Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany

    Simone S. Moises & Michael Schäferling

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Moises, S.S., Schäferling, M. Toxin immunosensors and sensor arrays for food quality control. Bioanal Rev 1, 73–104 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12566-009-0006-x

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