Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sol–gel derived organic–inorganic hybrid materials: synthesis, characterizations and applications

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Organic/inorganic hybrid materials prepared by the sol–gel approach have rapidly become a fascinating new field of research in materials science. The explosion of activity in this area in the past decade has made tremendous progress in both the fundamental understanding of the sol–gel process and the development and applications of new organic/inorganic hybrid materials. Polymer-inorganic nanocomposite present an interesting approach to improve the separation properties of polymer material because they possess properties of both organic and inorganic such as good permeability, selectivity, mechanical strength, and thermal and chemical stability. Composite material derived by combining the sol–gel approach and organic polymers synthesis of hybrid material were the focus area of review It has also been demonstrated in this review that a more complete understanding of their structure–property behavior can be gained by employing many of the standard tools that are utilized for developing similar structure–property relationships of organic polymers. This review article is introductory in nature and gives introduction to composite materials/nanocomposite, their applications and the methods commonly employed for their synthesis and characterization. A brief literature survey on the polysaccharide templated and polysaccharide/protein dual templated synthesis of silica composite materials is also presented in this review article.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wu W, Chen M, Liang S, Wang X, Chen J, Zhou F (2008) J Colloid Interface Sci 326:478–482

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ramam K, Lopez M (2008) J Alloys Compd 466:398–403

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kim SH, Koh JH (2008) J Eur Ceram Soc 28:2969–2973

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Martines MAU, Davolos MR, Júnior MJ, de Souza DF, Nunes LAO (2008) J Lumin 128:1787–1790

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Papenfuss J (2008) Mod Plast Worldw 85:139–140

    Google Scholar 

  6. Tsuda K (2007) J Jpn Petrol Inst 50:240–248

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Rogers M, Small A, Amos T, Johnson A, Sterner L (2006) In: International SAMPE symposium and exhibition (Proceedings), vol 51, p 7

  8. Zhang Y, Vassilopoulos AP, Keller T (2008) Int J Fatigue 30:1813–1820

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Meric G, Ruyter IE (2007) Acta Odontol Scand 65:306–312

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hufenbach W, Weimann C, Richter H, Langkamp A, Behnisch T (2007) Keramische Zeitschrift 59:342–344

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Janschek P (2004) ThyssenKrupp techforum 76–79

  12. Muşat V (2008) Metalurgia Int 13:29–35

    Google Scholar 

  13. McCarthy JR, Weissleder R (2008) Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60:1241–1251

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Groenewolt M (2008) Progr Org Coat 61:106–109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Amerio E, Fabbri P, Malucelli G, Messori M, Sangermano M, Taurino R (2008) Prog Org Coat 62:129–133

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wu LYL, Chwa E, Chen Z, Zeng XT (2008) Thin Solid Films 516:1056–1062

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Komarneni S (2007) Mater Res Innov 11:37–38

    Google Scholar 

  18. Costacurta S, Malfatti L, Falcaro P, Innocenzi P (2007) J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 44:59–64

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hwan KK, Kang SJ, Choi SK, Min YH, Yoon CS (1999) Chem Mater 11:779–788

    Google Scholar 

  20. De Matteis F, Prosposito P, Sarcinelli F, Casalboni M, Pizzoferrato R, Furlani A, Russo MV, Vannucci A, Varasi M (1999) J Non-Cryst Solids 245:15–19

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ng EP, Mintova S (2008) Microporous Mesoporous Mater 114:1–26

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Xu L, Lee HK (2008) J Chromatogr A 1195:78–84

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Guo Y, Mylonakis A, Zhang Z, Yang G, Lelkes PI, Che S, Lu Q, Wei Y (2008) ChemA Eur J 14:2909–2917

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Gun J, Lev O (1996) Anal Chim Acta 336:1–3

    Google Scholar 

  25. Avellaneda CO, Dahmouche K, Bulhões LOS, Pawlicka A (2000) J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 19:447–451

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Fei J, Lim KG, Palmore GTR (2008) Chem Mater 20:3832–3839

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ozer N, Cronin JP (2004) Key Eng Mater 264-268(I): 337–342

    Google Scholar 

  28. Yang H, Zhu Y (2007) Biosens Bioelectron 22:2989–2993

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Fang Z, Wang S, Zhao L, Dong B, Xu Z, Ren J, Yang Q (2008) Mater Lett 62:1514–1517

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Itoh T, Matsubara I, Shin W, Izu N (2007) Mater Lett 61:4031–4034

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Zhang Y, Shan L, Tu Z, Zhang Y (2008) Sep Purif Technol 63:207–212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Nam SE, Kim SO, Kang Y, Lee JW, Lee KH (2008) J Membr Sci 322:466–474

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Landi E, Martorana S, Tampieri A, Guicciardi S, Melandri C (2008) Key Eng Mater 361–363:547–550

    Google Scholar 

  34. Darder M, Aranda P, Ruiz-Hitzky E (2007) Bionanocomposites Adv Mater 19:1309–1319

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Tan XC, Tian YX, Cai PX, Zou XY (2005) Anal Bioanal Chem 381:500–507

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Novak BM (1993) Adv Mater 5:422–433

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hajji P, David L, Gerard JF, Pascault JP, Vigier G (1999) J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 37:3172–3187

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Mammeri F, Le Bourhis E, Rozes L, Sanchez C (2005) J Mater Chem 15:3787

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Tjong SC (2006) Mater Sci Eng 53:73–197

    Google Scholar 

  40. Cong HL, Radosz M, Towler BF, Shen YQ (2007) Sep Purif Technol 55:281–291

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Schubert U, Hüsing N, Lorenz A (1995) Chem Mater 7:2010–2027

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Judeinstein P, Sanchez C (1996) J Mater Chem 6:511–525

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Wen JY, Wilkes GL (1996) Chem Mater 8:1667–1681

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Pomogailo AD (2000) Russ Chem Rev 69:53–80

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Schottner G (2001) Chem Mater 13:3422–3435

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Caruso F (2001) Adv Mater 13:11–22

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Caruso RA, Antonietti M (2001) Chem Mater 13:3272–3282

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Tseng TK, Lin YS, Chen YJ, Chu H (2010) Int J Mol Sci 11:2336–2361

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Sanchez C, Julian B, Belleville P, Popall M (2005) J Mater Chem 15:3559–3592

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Sarikaya M, Furlong CE, Staley JT (1994) Am Soc Mech Eng 28:47–48

    Google Scholar 

  51. Tampieri A, Sandri M, Landi E, Pressato D, Francioli S, Quarto R, Martin I (2008) Biomaterials 29:3539–3546

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Maruszewski K, Stręk W, Jasiorski M, Ucyk M (2003) Radiat Eff Defects Solids 158:439–450

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Wright JD, Sommerdijk NAJM (2001) Sol–gel materials chemistry and applications. Taylor & Francis Group, London, p 8

    Google Scholar 

  54. Brinker C, Schere GW (1990) Sol–gel science: the physics and chemistry of sol–gel processing. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  55. Böttcher H, Slowik P, Suss W (1998) J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 13:277–281

    Google Scholar 

  56. Jokinen M, Györvary E, Rosenholm JB (1998) Colloid Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 141:205–216

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Peltola M, Suonpää J, Aitasalo K, Varpula M, Yli-Urpo RA, Happonen P (1998) Head Neck 20:315–318

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Falaize S, Radin S, Ducheyne P (1999) J Am Ceram Soc 82:969–976

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Ahola M, Säilynoja E, Raitavuo M, Vaahtio M, Salonen J, Yli-Urpo A (2001) Biomaterials 22:2163–2170

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Oliver C (1994) Preparation of colloidal gold. Methods Mol Biol (Clifton, NJ) 34:299–302

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Hasegawa S, Horike S, Matsuda R, Furukawa S, Mochizuki K, Kinoshita Y, Kitagawa S (2007) J Am Chem Soc 129:2607–2614

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Im D, Ham YN, Kim H, Lee J, Doo SG (2006) ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts 231

  63. Zhang Y, Ren H-B, Xu J-J, Du K, Zhang L, Xiu P (2006) Qiangjiguang Yu Lizishu/High Power Laser and Particle Beams 18:1841–1844

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Lee YH, Oh JG, Oh HS, Kim H (2008) Electrochem Commun 10:1035–1037

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Filler R (1954) J Org Chem 19:544–547

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Soukoulis C, Chandrinos I, Tzia C (2008) LWT Food Sci Technol 41:1816–1827

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Liao HT, Wu CS (2008) J Appl Polym Sci 108:2280–2289

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Zhao XP, Duan X (2002) J Colloid Interface Sci 251:376–380

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Su C, Wu G, Qiao J, Jiang L (2007) Key Eng Mater 353–358:1471–1474

    Google Scholar 

  70. Tang DY, Qiao YJ, Zhang YF (2007) In: Proceedings of SPIE—the international society for optical engineering 6423, art. No. 64234D

  71. Sepahvand R, Adeli M, Astinchap B, Kabiri R (2008) J Nanoparticle Res 10:1309–1318

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Eksik O, Erciyes AT, Yagci Y (2008) J Macromol Sci Part A Pure Appl Chem 45:698–704

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Vargo TG, Koloski TS, MacRae DM, Lucey DW, Zhan D, Brupbacher JB (2006) In: NSTI nanotechnology conference and trade show—NSTI nanotech 2006 technical proceedings, vol 2, pp 772–777

  74. Menner A, Salgueiro M, Shaffer MSP, Bismarck A (2008) J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 46:5708–5714

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Lu X, Wen Z, Li J (2006) Biomaterials 27:5740–5747

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Li Q, Xue Q, Zheng Q, Hao L, Gao X (2008) Mater Lett 62:4229–4231

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Slobodian P, Pavlínek V, Lengálová A, Sáha P (2009) Curr Appl Phys 9:184–188

    Google Scholar 

  78. Xu D, Wang Z (2008) Polymer 49:330–338

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Pramanik M, Srivastava SK, Samantaray BK, Bhowmick AK (2001) J Mater Sci Lett 20:1377–1380

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Chen B, Liu S, Evans JRG (2008) J Appl Polym Sci 109:1480–1483

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Schmidt H (2006) Soft Mater 4:143–164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Huang HH, Orler B, Wilkes GL (1985) Polym Bull 14:557

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Schmidt H (1985) J Non-Cryst Solids 73:681

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Chen Y, Iroh JO (1999) Chem Mater 11:1218

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Chao MC, Lin HP (2004) Chem Lett 33:672–673

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Klemperer WG, Mainz VV, Brinker CJ, Clark D, Ulrich DR (1988) In: Better ceramics through chemistry III, vol 121. Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, p 15

  87. Bryans TR, Brawner VL, Quitevis EL (2000) J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 17:211–217

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Payne JT, Mauritz KA (1996) Am Chem Soc Poly Prepr Div Polym Chem 37:520–521

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Reale E, Leyva A, Corma A, Martínez C, García H, Rey F (2005) J Mater Chem 15:1742–1754

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Aleman J, Chadwick AV, He J, Hess M, Horie K, Jones RG, Kratochvil P, Meisel I, Mitas I, Moad G, Penczek S, Stepto RFT (2007) Pure Appl Chem 79:1801–1829

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Kachynski AV, Kuzmin AN, Nyk M, Roy I, Prasad PN (2008) J Phys Chem C 112:10721–10724

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Guskos N, Typek J, Bodziony T, Zolnierkiewicz G, Maryniak M, Biedunkiewicz A (2009) J Alloys Compd 470:51–54

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Wang J, Pamidi PVA, Jiang M (1998) Anal Chim Acta 360:171–178

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Sanchez C, Ribot F, Lebeau B (1999) J Mater Chem 9:35–44

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Shen Y, Mackey G, Rupcich N, Gloster D, Chiuman W, Li Y, Brennan JD (2007) Anal Chem 79:3494–3503

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Yoshinaga K (2002) Bull Chem Soc Jpn 75:2349–2358

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Maruszewski K (2005) In: 5th International conference on polymers and adhesives in microelectronics and photonics—proceedings, art. No. 1596509, pp 164–165

  98. Matějka L, Dukh O, Drahomíra H, Brus J, Simonsick WJ Jr (2000) Polym Prepr Div Polym Chem 41:502

    Google Scholar 

  99. Zhu G, Yang Q, Zhong H, Jiang D, Li C (2007) J Phys Chem B 111:8027–8033

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Li YH, Zhang WJ, Zhang WN, Yang XY, Ren M, Zhu GY (2007) Cailiao Kexue yu Gongyi/Material Science and Technology 15:358–365

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Williams DE, Kabra PM (1990) Anal Chem 62:807–810

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Yano S, Nakamura K, Kodomari M, Yamauchi N (1994) J Appl Polym Sci 54:163–176

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Kaddami H, Gerard JF, Pascault JP (1999) In: Materials research society symposium—proceedings, vol 576, pp 51–61

  104. Jia J, Tang M, Chen X, Qi L, Dong S (2003) Biosens Bioelectron 18:1023–1029

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Eisenberg P, Erra-Balsells R, Ishikawa Y, Lucas JC, Mauri AN, Nonami H, Riccardi CC, Williams RJJ (2000) Macromolecules 33:1940–1947

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Donescu D, Serban S, Gosa K, Petcu C (2005) Central Eur J Chem 3:10–27

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Kaddami H, Gerard JF, Pascault JP (1999) Materials research society symposium—proceedings, vol 576, pp 51–61

  108. Kokado K, Chujo Y (2008) Chem Lett 37:732–733

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Ahmad Z, Mark JE (2001) Chem Mater 13:3320–3330

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Ispas C, Sokolov I, Andreescu S (2009) Anal Bioanal Chem 393:543–554

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Ren TZ, Yuan ZY, Su BL (2007) Colloid Surf A Physicochem Eng Aspects 300:79–87

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Qiu FX, Zhou YM, Liu JZ, Zhang XP (2007) Cailiao Kexue yu Gongyi/Material Science and Technology 15:137–140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Lee RH, Hsiue GH, Jeng RJ (1999) J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 37:2503–2510

    Google Scholar 

  114. Crossley MJ, Johnston LA (2002) Chem Commun 10:1122–1123

    Google Scholar 

  115. Kotoky T, Dolui SK (2006) Colloid Polym Sci 284:1163–1169

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Poompradub S, Chaichua B, Kanchanaamporn C, Boosalee T, Prasassarakich P (2008) KGK Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe 61:152–155

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Miyake J, Chujo Y (2006) Polym Prepr Jpn 55:2898

    Google Scholar 

  118. Xiong M, Zhang K, Chen Y (2008) Eur Polym J 44:3835–3841

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Dervaux B, Van Camp W, Van Renterghem L, Du Prez FE (2008) J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 46:1649–1661

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Vidts KRM, Du Prez FE (2006) Eur Polym J 42:43–50

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Lukens WW, Stucky GD (2002) Chem Mater 14:1665–1670

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Díaz I, García B, Alonso B, Casado CM, Morán M, Losada J, Pérez-Pariente J (2003) Chem Mater 15:1073–1079

    Google Scholar 

  123. Muniz-Miranda M, Ottaviani MF (2004) Laser Phys 14:1533–1538

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Chiang CL, Ma CCM (2004) Polym Degrad Stab 83:207–214

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Cheng F (2008) Chem Mater 20:667–681

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Zakhidov AA, Baughman RH, Iqbal Z, Cui C, Khayrullin I, Dantas SO, Marti J, Ralchenko VG (1998) Science 282:897–901

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Schneider JJ, Engstler J (2006) Eur J Inorg Chem 1723

  128. Sun Y, Tao Z, Chen J, Herricks T, Xia Y (2004) J Am Chem Soc 126:5940

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Chen J, Tao Z, Li S (2004) J Am Chem Soc 126:3060

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Chen J, Xu L, Li W, Gou X (2005) Adv Mater 17:582

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Li WY, Xu LN, Chen J (2005) Adv Funct Mater 15:851

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Cai FS, Zhang GY, Chen J, Gou XL, Liu HK, Dou SX (2004) Angew Chem Int Ed 43:4212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Cheng FY, Chen J, Shen PW (2005) J Power Sources 150:255

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Li W, Zhang S, Chen J (2005) J Phys Chem B 109:14025

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Li X, Cheng F, Guo B, Chen J (2005) J Phys Chem B 109:14017

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Zhang G, Li C, Cheng F, Chen J (2007) Sens Actuators B 120:403

    Google Scholar 

  137. Gin DL, Gu W, Pindzola BA, Zhou WJ (2001) Acc Chem Res 34:973

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Gou X, Cheng F, Shi Y, Zhang L, Peng S, Chen J, Shen P (2006) J Am Chem Soc 128:7222

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Nam KT, Kim DW, Yoo PJ, Chiang CY, Meethong N, Hammond PT, Chiang YM, Belcher AM (2006) Science 312:885

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Polarz S, Antonietti M (2002) Chem Commun 2593

  141. Schmidt I, Boisen A, Gustavsson E, Stahl K, Pehrson S, Dahl S, Carlsson A, Jacobsen CJH (2001) Chem Mater 13:4416–4418

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Tosheva L, Parmentier J, Valtchev V, Vix-Guterl C, Patarin J (2005) Carbon 43:2474–2480

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Tosheva L, Parmentier J, Saadallah S, Vix-Guterl C, Valtchev V, Patarin J (2004) J Am Chem Soc 126:13624–13625

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Holland BT, Blanford CF, Stein A (1998) Science 281:538–540

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Holland BT, Blanford CF, Do T, Stein A (1999) Chem Mater 11:795–805

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Mayoral R, Requena J, Moya JS, Lopez C, Cintas A, Miguez H, Meseguer F, Vazquez L, Holgdo M, Blanco A (1997) Adv Mater 9:257–260

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Park SH, Qin D, Xia Y (1998) Adv Mater 10:1028–1032

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Johnson SA, Olliver PJ, Mallouk TE (1999) Science 283:963–965

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Antonietti M, Berton B, Goltner C, Hentze HP (1998) Adv Mater 10:154–159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Imhof A, Pine DJ (1997) Nature 389:948–951

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Valtchev VP, Smaihi M, Faust AC, Vidal L (2004) Chem Mater 16:1350–1355

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Valtchev V, Smaihi M, Faust AC, Vidal L (2004) Stud Surf Sci Catal 154:588–592

    Google Scholar 

  153. Valtchev V, Smaihi M, Faust AC, Vidal L (2003) Angew Chem Int Ed 42:2782–2785

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Domae M, Saito R (2005) Polym Prepr Jpn 54:1119

    Google Scholar 

  155. Shchipunov YA, Karpenko TYu, Bakunina IYu, Burtseva YV, Zvyagintseva TN (2004) J Biochem Biophys Methods 58:25–38

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Cauqui MA, Rodriquez-Izquierdo JM (1992) Application of the sol–gel methods to catalyst preparation. J Non-Cryst Solids 147:724–738

    Google Scholar 

  157. Coles MP, Lugmair CG, Terry KW, Tilley TD (2000) Chem Mater 12:122–131

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Sault AG, Martino A, Kawola JS, Boespflug E (2000) J Catal 191:474–479

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. de Morais TD, Chaput F, Lahlil K, Boilot JP (1999) Adv Mater 11:107–112

    Google Scholar 

  160. Gebauer T, Schmid G (1999) Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 625:1124–1128

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Seddon A (1998) In: IEE proceedings. Circuits, devices, and systems, vol 145, p 369

  162. Agranovich VM, Basko DM, LaRocca GC, Bassani F (1998) J Phys Condens Matter 10:9369–9400

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Unger K, Rupprecht H, Valentin B, Kircher W (1983) Drug Dev Ind Pharmacy 9:69–91

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Langer R (1998) Nature 392:5–10

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Klein CPAT, Li P, Blieck-hogervorst JMA, de Groot K (1995) Biomaterials 16:715–719

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Wilson J, Douek E, Rust K (1995) In: Wilson J, Hench L, Greenspan D (eds) Bioceramics, vol 8. Proceeding of the 8th international symposium on ceramics in medicine. Alden Press, Oxford, pp 239–245

  167. Suominen E, Kinnunen J (1996) Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Sur 30:281–289

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Stoor P, Söderling E, Grenman R (1999) J Biomed Mater Res 48:869–874

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Klem MT, Young M, Douglas T (2005) Mater Today (Oxford UK) 8:28–37

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Reiss G, Huetten A (2005) Nat Mater 4:725–726

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Dobson J (2006) Nanomedicine 1:31–37

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Gu H, Xu K, Xu C, Xu B (2006) Chem Commun 9:941–949

    Google Scholar 

  173. Lin X-M, Samia ACS (2006) J Magn Magn Mater 305:100–109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Mornet S, Vasseur S, Grasset F, Veverka P, Goglio G, Demourgues A, Portier J, Pollert E, Duguet E (2006) Prog Solid State Chem 34:237–247

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Sun S (2006) Adv Mater 18:393–403

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Vatta LL, Sanderson RD, Koch KR (2006) Pure Appl Chem 78:1793–1801

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Leslie-Pelecky DL, Rieke RD (1996) Chem Mater 8:1770–1783

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Bibette J (1993) J Magn Magn Mater 122:37–41

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Liu J, Lawrence EM, Wu A, Ivey ML, Flores GA, Javier K, Bibette J, Richard J (1995) Phys Rev Lett 74:2828–2831

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Promislow JHE, Gast AP (1996) Langmuir 12:4095–4102

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Furst EM, Suzuki C, Fermigier M, Gast AP (1998) Langmuir 14:7334–7336

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Caruso F, Susha AS, Giersig M, Mohwald H (1999) Adv Mater 11:950–953

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Furst EM, Gast AP (1999) Phys Rev Lett 82:4130–4133

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Tannenbaum R, Flenniken CL, Goldberg EP (1987) J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 25:1341–1358

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Tannenbaum R, Flenniken CL, Goldberg EP (1990) J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 28:2421–2433

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Tannenbaum R (1994) Inorg Chim Acta 227:233–240

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Sohn BH, Cohen RE (1997) Chemistry of Materials 9:264–269

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Tannenbaum R (1997) Langmuir 13:5056–5060

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Tadd EH, Bradley J, Tannenbaum R (2002) Langmuir 18:2378–2384

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Rutnakornpituk M, Thompson MS, Harris LA, Farmer KE, Esker AR, Riffle JS, St. Connolly J, Pierre TG (2002) Polymer 43:2337–2348

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. St. Connolly J, Pierre TG, Rutnakornpituk M, Riffle JS (2004) J Phys D Appl Phys 37:2475–2482

    Google Scholar 

  192. Vadala ML, Rutnakornpituk M, Zalich MA, St. Pierre TG, Riffle JS (2004) Polymer 45:7449–7461

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Baranauskas VV, Zalich MA, Saunders M, Pierre TG, Riffle JS (2005) Chem Mater 17:5246–5254

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Zalich MA, Baranauskas VV, Riffle JS, St. Saunders M, Pierre TG (2006) Chem Mater 18:2648–2655

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Takahashi K, Tamaura Y, Kodera Y, Mihama T, Saito Y, Inada Y (1987) Biochem Biophys Res Comm 142:291–296

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Gao Y, Choudhury NR (2003) In: Nalwa HS (ed) Handbook of organic-inorganic hybrid materials and nanocomposites. American Scientific Publishers, Stevenson Ranch, vol 1, pp 271–293

  197. Shang XY, Zhu ZK, Yin J, Ma XD (2002) Chem Mater 14:71–77

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Huang SL, Chin WK, Yang WP (2005) Polymer 46:1865–1877

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Bandyopadhyay A, De Sarkar M, Bhowmick AK (2005) J Mater Sci 40:5233–5241

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Jang J, Park H (2002) J Appl Polym Sci 83:1817–1823

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Lai SM, Wang CK, Shen HF (2005) J Appl Polym Sci 97:1316–1325

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Hsu YG, Chiang IL, Lo JF (2000) J Appl Polym Sci 78:1179–1190

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Kickelbick G (2007) In: Kickelbick G (ed) Hybrid materials. Synthesis, characterization, and applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Chap 1

  204. Gao Y, Choudhury NR, Dutta N, Matisons J, Reading M, Delmotte L (2001) Chem Mater 13:3644–3652

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Jain S, Goossens H, van Duin M, Lemstra P (2005) Polymer 46:8805–8818

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Petrovic ZS, Javni I, Waddon A, Bánhegyi G (2000) J Appl Polym Sci 76:133–151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Oberdisse J, Hine P, Pyckhout-Hintzen W (2007) Soft Matter 3:476–485

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Oberdisse J, Deme B (2002) Macromolecules 35:4397–4405

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Berriot J, Montes H, Martin F, Mauger M, Pyckhout-Hintzen W, Meier G, Frielinghaus H (2003) Polymer 44:4909–4919

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. El Harrak A, Carrot G, Oberdisse J, Jestin J, Boué F (2005) Polymer 46:1095–1104

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Winberg P, De Sitter K, Dotremont C, Mullens S, Vankelecom IFJ, Maurer FHJ (2005) Macromolecules 38:3776–3782

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Lee NG, Amy JP, Croue HB (2005) J Membr Sci 261:7–16

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Amalvy JI, Percy MJ, Armes SP, Leite CAP, Galembeck F (2005) Langmuir 21:1175–1179

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. Becker C, Kutsch B, Krug H, Kaddami H (1998) J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 13:499–502

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. Zhang MQ, Rong MZ, Zeng HM, Schmitt S, Wetzel B, Friedrich K (2001) J Appl Polym Sci 80:2218–2227

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Percy MJ, Michailidou V, Armes SP, Perruchot C, Watts JF, Greaves SJ (2003) Langmuir 19:2072–2079

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Percy MJ, Amalvy JI, Barthet C, Armes SP, Greaves SJ, Watts JF, Wiese H (2002) J Mater Chem 12:697–702

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Kashiwagi T, Morgan AB, Antonucci JM, VanLandingham MR, Harris RH, Awad WH, Shields JR (2003) J Appl Polym Sci 89:2072–2078

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. Liu YL, Hsu CY, Hsu KY (2005) Polymer 46:1851–1856

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. Tiwari A, Mishra AP, Dhakate SR, Khan R, Shukla SK (2007) Mater Lett 61:4587–4590

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. Rashidova SS, Shakarova DS, Ruzimuradov ON, Satubaldieva DT, Zalyalieva SV, Shpigun OA, Varlamov VP, Kabulov BD (2004) J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci 800:49–55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. Retuert J, Quijada R, Arias V, Yazdani-Pedram M (2003) J Mater Res 18:487–494

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. Kato M, Saruwatari H, Sakai-Kato K, Toyo’oka T (2004) J Chromatogr A 1044:267–270

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Kabulov BD, Akhundzhanov KA, Yunusov FU, Shpigun OA, Negmatov SS (2007) Russ J Phys Chem 81:354–356

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Wang GH, Zhang LM (2006) J Phys Chem B 110:24864

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. Watzke HJ, Dieschbourg C (1994) Adv Colloid Interface Sci 50:1–14

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. Li F, Li XM, Zhang SS (2006) J Chromatogr A 1129:223–230

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. Li F, Du P, Chen W, Zhang S (2007) Anal Chim Acta 585:211–218

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Kang X, Mai Z, Zou X, Cai P, Mo J (2008) Talanta 74:879–886

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Miao Y, Tan SN (2001) Anal Chim Acta 437:87–93

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Reis EM, Vasconcelos WL, Mansur HS, Pereira MM (2008) Key Eng Mat 361–363:967–970

    Google Scholar 

  232. Fei B, Lu H, Xin JH (2006) Polymer 47:947–950

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Leng B, Chen X, Shao Z, Ming W (2008) Small 4:755–758

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Airoldi C, Monteiro OAC Jr (2000) J Appl Polym Sci 77:797–804

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Tamaki R, Chujo Y (1999) Compos Interfaces 6:259–272

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Zhu AP, Zhang Z, Shen J (2003) J Mater Sci Mater Med 14:27–31

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. Xu Q, Mao C, Liu NN, Zhu JJ, Sheng J (2006) Biosens Bioelectron 22:768–773

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. Hoffman AS (2002) Adv Drug Deliv Rev 43:3–12

    Google Scholar 

  239. Nayak S, Lyon LA (2005) Angew Chem Int Ed 44:7686–7708

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  240. Peppas NA, Hilt JZ, Khademhosseini A, Langer R (2006) Adv Mater 18:1345–1360

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. Kabanov AV, Vinogradov SV (2009) Angew Chem Int Ed 48:5418–5429

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  242. Sanson N, Rieger J (2010) Polym Chem 1:965–977

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  243. Motornov M, Roiter Y, Tokarev I, Minko S (2010) Prog Polym Sci 35:174–211

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Wu W, Shen J, Banerjee P, Zhou SQ (2010) Biomaterials 31:8371–8381

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. Matsumura Y, Maeda H (1986) Cancer Res 46:6387–6392

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Hiller J, Mendelsohn J, Rubner MF (2002) Nat Mater 1:59–63

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. Picart C, Mutterer J, Richert L, Luo Y, Prestwich GD, Schaaf P et al (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:12531–12535

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. Sui ZJ, Schlenoff JB (2004) Langmuir 20:6026–6031

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. Kharlampieva E, Ankner JF, Rubinstein M, Sukhishvili SA (2008) Phys Rev Lett 100:128303

    Google Scholar 

  250. Shchipunov YA, Karpenko TY, Krekoten AV, Postnova IV (2005) J Colloid Interface Sci 287:373–378

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. Shirosaki Y, Tsuru K, Hayakawa S et al (2005) Biomaterials 26:485–493

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. Schwarz K (1973) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 70:1608–1612

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. Hermann E, Dorte J, Paul S, Vasily VB, Nikolay PS, Christiane E, Michael M, René B, Sascha H, Thomas H, Hartmut W, John NV (2008) J Nanomater 670235:8

    Google Scholar 

  254. Darder M, Colilla M, Ruiz-Hitzky E (2003) Chem Mater 15:3774–3780

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. Ray SS, Bousmina M (2005) Prog Mater Sci 50:962–1079

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. Wang SF, Shen L, Tong YJ (2005) Polym Degrad Stab 90:123–131

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. Samuneva B, Kabaivanova L, Chernev G, Djambaski P, Kashchieva E, Emanuilova E, Miranda Salvado IM, Wu A (2008) J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 1–7

  258. Shchipunov YA (2003) J Colloid Interface Sci 268:68–76

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. Boissière M, Tourrette A, Devoisselle JM, Di Renzo F, Quignard F (2006) J Colloid Interface Sci 294:109–116

    Google Scholar 

  260. Jiang Y, Jiang YJ, Zhang YF, Li J, Zhang L, Jiang ZY (2007) J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 18:1517–1526

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  261. Xu S-W, Lu Y, Li J, Jiang Z-Y, Wu H (2006) Ind Eng Chem Res 45:4567–4573

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. Ma L, Wen J, Lu W, Caiyin Q, Liang Y (2008) Enzyme Microbial Tech 42:235–241

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. Lu Y, Jiang ZY, Xu SW, Wu H (2006) Catal Today 115:263–268

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. Coradin T, Livage J (2003) J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 26:1165–1168

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. Pinto RJB, Marques PAAP, Barros-Timmons AM, Trindade T, Neto CP (2008) Compos Sci Technol 68:1088–1093

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. Mo Z, Zhao Z, Chen H, Niu G (2008) Fuhe Cailiao Xuebao/Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica 25:24–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  267. Miyake J, Chujo Y (2006) Polym Prepr 55:2898

    Google Scholar 

  268. Sequeira S, Evtuguin DV, Portugal I (2007) ACS Symp Ser 954:121–136

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. Maeda H, Nakajima M, Hagiwara T, Sawaguchi T, Yano S (2006) J Mater Sci 41:5646–5656

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  270. Barud HS, Assunção RMN, Martines MAU, Dexpert-Ghys J, Marques RFC, Messaddeq Y, Ribeiro SJL (2008) J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 46:363–367

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. Yano S (1994) Polymer 35:5565–5570

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. Wojciechowski P, Halamus T, Pietsch U (2006) Mater Sci Poland 24:507–516

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. Yano S, Kodomari M (1996) Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi 24:15–20

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. Tanaka K, Kozuka H (2005) J Mater Sci 40:5199–5206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. Shojaie SS, Rials TG, Kelley SS (1995) J Appl Polym Sci 58:1263–1274

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. Zoppi RA, Gonçalves MC (2002) J Appl Polym Sci 84:2196–2205

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. Yamaki S, Maeda H, Hagiwara T, Sawaguchi T, Yano S, Mizoguchi K (2005) Polym Prepr Jpn 54:3606

    Google Scholar 

  278. Shchipunov YuA, Kojima A, Imae T (2005) J Colloid Interface Sci 285:574–580

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  279. Bakunina IYu, Nedashkovskaya OI, Zvyagintseva TN, Shchipunov YuA (2006) Russ J Appl Chem 79:827–832

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  280. Shchipunov YuA, Burtseva YuV, Karpenko TYu, Shevchenko NM, Zvyagintseva TN (2006) J Mol Catal B Enzym 40:16–23

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  281. Shchipunov YA, Karpenko TYu (2004) Langmuir 20:3882–3887

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. Shchipunov YA, Karpenko TYu, Krekoten AV (2005) Compos Interfaces 11:587–607

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  283. Shchipunov Y, Shipunova N (2008) Colloids Surf B Biointerface 63:7–11

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  284. Gautier C, Abdoul-Aribi N, Roux C, Lopez PJ, Livage J, Coradin T (2008) Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 65:140–145

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. Whistler RL (1969) The encyclopaedia of polymer science and technology, vol 11. Wiley, New York, p 416

    Google Scholar 

  286. Bajpai UDN, Jain A, Bajpai AK (1990) Acta Polymerica 41:577–581

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  287. Deshmukh SR, Chaturvedi PN, Singh RP (1985) J Appl Polym Sci 30:4013–4018

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. Singh V, Tiwari A, Tripathi DN, Sanghi R (2004) J Appl Polym Sci 92:1569–1575

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. Singh V, Tiwari A, Shukla P, Singh SP, Sanghi R (2006) React Funct Polym 66:1306–1318

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  290. Singh V, Tiwari A, Tripathi DN, Sanghi R (2004) Carbohydr Polym 58:1–6

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  291. Singh V, Tiwari A, Pandey S, Singh SK (2007) J Appl Polym Sci 104:536–544

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  292. Singh V, Pandey S, Singh SK, Sanghi R (2008) J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 47:58–67

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  293. Singh V, Pandey S, Singh SK, Sanghi R (2009) Sep Purif Technol 67:251–261

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  294. Singh V, Pandey S, Singh SK, Kumar P (2011) J Non-Cryst Solids 357:194–201

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are thankful to University of Johannesburg, South Africa and National Research foundation (NRF) for the financial assistance needed to carry out this review work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Technology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontien, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa

    Sadanand Pandey & Shivani B. Mishra

Authors
  1. Sadanand Pandey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shivani B. Mishra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shivani B. Mishra.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pandey, S., Mishra, S.B. Sol–gel derived organic–inorganic hybrid materials: synthesis, characterizations and applications. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 59, 73–94 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-011-2465-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-011-2465-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation