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Third-order nonlinear and planar waveguide properties of TiO2/organically modified silane hybrid films doped with different disperse red 1 content

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Abstract

TiO2/organically modified silane organic–inorganic hybrid films doped with different disperse red 1 contents are prepared by combining a low-temperature sol–gel method and a spin-coating process. Effects of the disperse red 1 content on the third-order nonlinear and the planar waveguide properties of the hybrid films are also studied by a z-scan technique and a prism coupling technique. Results indicate that the nonlinear refractive index of the hybrid films is negative, whose magnitude is of the order of 10−8 esu for the measured samples. It is suggested that both the thermal effect and the photoisomerization process contribute to the third-order nonlinear optical properties of the hybrid films jointly. It is also found that the refractive index and the thickness of the hybrid films decrease with an increase of the temperature as the independent variable. In addition to, optical absorption properties of the hybrid films are characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy. These results indicate that the as-prepared hybrid films are promising candidates for photonic applications.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 90923012 and 60477003, and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, Education Ministry of China (2007).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    M. Sun, Wen Xiu Que & Tian Xi Gao

  2. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore

    C. H. Kam

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  1. M. Sun
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  2. Wen Xiu Que
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  3. Tian Xi Gao
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  4. C. H. Kam
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Correspondence to Wen Xiu Que.

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Sun, M., Que, W.X., Gao, T.X. et al. Third-order nonlinear and planar waveguide properties of TiO2/organically modified silane hybrid films doped with different disperse red 1 content. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 56, 1–6 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-010-2264-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-010-2264-z

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