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AFM analysis of the surface of nanoporous membranes: application to the nanofiltration of potassium clavulanate

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Abstract

This study presents the structural characterization of the surface of four commercial nanofiltration membranes: NF90 (polyamide) and NF (polypiperazine amide) from FilmtecTM and NP010 and NP030 (polysulfone) from Microdyn Nadir®, by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). These membranes have been studied before and after undergoing a filtration process with potassium clavulanate. The fast Fourier filtering of AFM images with very high magnification (40 × 40 nm) has allowed identifying the pore size distribution and geometry of the pores on the surface of the membrane before their use. Images between 0.5 × 0.5 and 10 × 10 μm2 have allowed the study of the surface roughness of the samples before and after being used to filtrate potassium clavulanate solutions. The results of roughness and power spectral fractal dimension along with the skewness and kurtosis of the height distribution have been analyzed in terms of pore size, hydraulic permeability, and the adsorption of clavulanate for the different samples.

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Acknowledgements

Brazilians authors acknowledge the financial support from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and the State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). Spanish authors want to thank the “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCINN)” for financing this study within the frame of the “Plan Nacional de I+D+I” and through the project CTQ2009-07666. Also the Spanish “Junta de Castilla y León” has contributed through the project Grupos de Excelencia-GR18. The authors also acknowledge FilmtecTM and Microdyn Nadir® fir the donation of the membranes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, Barão Geraldo, CEP: 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil

    A. L. Carvalho & F. Maugeri

  2. Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Real de Burgos s/n, 47071, Valladolid, Spain

    V. Silva, A. Hernández, L. Palacio & P. Pradanos

Authors
  1. A. L. Carvalho
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  2. F. Maugeri
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  3. V. Silva
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  4. A. Hernández
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  5. L. Palacio
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  6. P. Pradanos
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Hernández.

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Carvalho, A.L., Maugeri, F., Silva, V. et al. AFM analysis of the surface of nanoporous membranes: application to the nanofiltration of potassium clavulanate. J Mater Sci 46, 3356–3369 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-5224-7

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