Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Classifying Korean adolescents’ career preparedness

  • Published:
International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Latent class analysis was used to examine the career preparation of 5,227 11th-grade Korean adolescents taken from the Korean Education Longitudinal Study of 2005 (KELS:2005). Three career preparedness groups were identified, to reflecting Skorikov’s (J Vocat Behav 70:8–24, 2007) conceptualization of career preparedness: prepared, confused, and unprepared. Most individual, family, and school factors selected for study were statistically significant predictors of group membership. Results provided insight about career decidedness and career planning from a Korean context.

Résumé

Classifier la préparation au choix professionnel d’adolescents coréens. L’analyse de classes latentes a été utilisée pour examiner la préparation au choix professionnel de 5,227 adolescents coréens en 11ème année, ceci à partir de l’étude longitudinale de l’éducation coréenne de 2005 (KELS:2005). Trois groupes de préparation au choix professionnel ont été identifiés, reflétant la conceptualisation de la préparation au choix professionnel de Skorikov (2007): préparé, confus, et pas prêt. La plupart des facteurs individuels, familiaux et scolaires choisis pour l’étude sont des prédicteurs statistiquement significatifs de l’appartenance au groupe. Les résultats fournissent un aperçu sur le degré de décision par rapport au choix professionnel et la planification de carrière à partir d’un contexte coréen.

Zusammenfassung

Klassifizierung der Laufbahnvorbereitung von koreanischen Jugendlichen. Latente Klassenanalyse wurde verwendet, um die Laufbahnvorbereitung von 5227 koreanischen Jugendlichen in der 11. Klasse, stammend aus der koreanischen Education Longitudinal Study von 2005 (KELS:2005), zu untersuchen. Drei Gruppen der Laufbahnbereitschaft wurden identifiziert, die Skorikovs (2007) Konzeptualisierung der Laufbahnvorbereitung reflektieren: vorbereitet, verwirrt, und unvorbereitet. Die meisten individuellen, familiären und schulischen Faktoren welche für die Studie ausgewählt wurden waren statistisch signifikante Prädiktoren der Gruppenzugehörigkeit. Die Ergebnisse gaben einen Einblick in die Laufbahn-Entschiedenheit und –Planung aus einem koreanischen Kontext.

Resumen

Clasificación de la preparación de carrera de adolescentes Coreanos. Un análisis de clase latente se utilizó para examinar la preparación de la carrera de 5,227 adolescentes Coreanos de 11° grado tomados del Estudio Longitudinal de Educación de Corea de 2005 (KELS:2005). Tres grupos de preparación de carrera fueron identificados, reflejando la conceptualización de Skorikov (2007) sobre la de la preparación para la carrera: preparados, confundidos, y no preparados. La mayoría de los factores individuales, familiares y escolares seleccionados para el estudio fueron predictores estadísticamente significativos de la pertenencia al grupo. Los resultados proporcionan conocimientos acerca de decisiones y planificación de carrera desde un contexto Coreano.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amir, T., & Gati, I. (2006). Facets of career decision-making difficulties. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 34, 483–503. doi:10.1080/03069880600942608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S. D., & Rector, C. C. (2008). Conceptualizing and diagnosing problems in vocational decision-making. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology (4th ed., pp. 392–407). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, L. M., & Lanza, S. T. (2010). Latent class and transition analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creed, P. A., Fallon, T., & Hood, M. (2009a). The relationship between career adaptability, person and situation variables, and career concerns in young adults. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74, 219–229. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2008.12.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Creed, P. A., Wong, O. Y., & Hood, M. (2009b). Career decision-making, career barriers and occupational aspirations in Chinese adolescents. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 9, 189–203. doi:10.1007/s10775-009-9165-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich, J., & Kracke, B. (2009). Career-specific parental behaviors in adolescents’ development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75, 109–119. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.03.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldt, R. C., Ferry, A., Bullock, M., Camarotti-Carvalho, A., Collingwood, M., Eilers, S., … Woelfel, C. (2010). Factorial structure of the career decision scale: Incremental validity of the five-factor domains. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 42, 235–245. doi:10.1177/0748175609354575.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gati, I., Gadassi, R., Saka, N., Hadadi, Y., Ansenberg, N., Friedmann, R., et al. (2011). Emotional and personality-related aspects of career decision-making difficulties: Facets of career indecisiveness. Journal of Career Assessment, 19, 3–20. doi:10.1177/1069072710382525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gati, I., Kleiman, T., Saka, N., & Zakai, A. (2003). Perceived benefits of using an Internet-based interactive career planning system. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62, 272–286. doi:10.1016/s0001-8791(02)00049-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gati, I., Krausz, M., & Osipow, S. H. (1996). A taxonomy of difficulties in career decision making. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 510–526. doi:10.1037//0022-0167.43.4.510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gati, I., Saka, N., & Krausz, M. (2001). “Should I use a computer-assisted career guidance system?” It depends on where your career decision-making difficulties lie. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 29, 301–321. doi:10.1080/03069880120073021.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, V. N. (1998). Career decidedness types: A literature review. Career Development Quarterly, 46, 386–403. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.1998.tb00715.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guay, F., Ratelle, C. F., Senecal, C., Larose, S., & Deschenes, A. (2006). Distinguishing developmental from chronic career indecision: Self-efficacy, autonomy, and social support. Journal of Career Assessment, 14, 235–251. doi:10.1177/1069072705283975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han, S., & Heo, J. (2008). Career counseling on campus in South Korea. Career Planning and Adult Development Journal, 24(4), 57–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hargrove, B. K., Inman, A. G., & Crane, R. L. (2005). Family interaction patterns, career planning attitudes, and vocational identity of high school adolescents. Journal of Career Development, 31, 263–278. doi:10.1007/s10871-005-4740-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartman, B. W., Fuqua, D. R., & Jenkins, S. J. (1986). The reliability/generalizability of the construct of career indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 28, 142–148. doi:10.1016/0001-8791(86)90047-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschi, A., Niles, S. G., & Akos, P. (2011). Engagement in adolescent career preparation: Social support, personality and the development of choice decidedness and congruence. Journal of Adolescence, 34, 173–182. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.12.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J. L., Gottfredson, D. C., & Power, P. G. (1980). Some diagnostic scales for research in decision making and personality: Identity, information and barriers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1191–1200. doi:10.1037/h0077731.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ingels, S. J., Pratt, D. J., Rogers, J. E., Siegel, P. H., & Stutts, E. S. (2005). Education longitudinal study of 2002/2004: Base-year to first follow-up data file documentation. Washington, DC: RTI International. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2006/2006344.pdf.

  • Kelly, K. R., & Lee, W. (2002). Mapping the domain of career decision problems. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 302–326. doi:10.1006/jvbe.2001.1858.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, K. R., & Pulver, C. A. (2003). Refining measurement of career indecision types: A validity study. Journal of Counseling and Development, 81, 445–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, K. (2009). The effect of career guidance activities on career maturity of students in vocational high school. Journal of Vocational Education Research, 28, 183–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Y. B., Im, H. J., Shin, H. S., Namgoog, J., Shin, J. H., & Hong, S. H. (2010). Hangook kyoyook jongdanyoungoo 2005 (VI) [Korean Education Longitudinal Study 2005(VI)]. Seoul, South Korea: Korean Educational Development Institute.

  • Kim, K. A., & Jeris, L. (2009). Job loss and transformative learning: A case study of Korean women. International Journal of Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning, 2(1), 83–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, A., Ryu, S., & Kim, B. (2006). Chungsonyunyong jinrobaldalgumsa gyebal youngoobogoseo [Development of career development inventory for adolescents]. Seoul, South Korea: Korea Employment Information Services.

  • Lanza, S. T., Bray, B. C., & Collins, L. M. (2013). An introduction to latent class and latent transition analysis. In I. B. Weiner (Series Ed.), Handbook of psychology: Vol. 2. Research methods in psychology (2nd ed., pp. 691–716). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

  • Lanza, S. T., Collins, L. M., Lemmon, D. R., & Schafer, J. L. (2007). PROC LCA: A SAS procedure for latent class analysis. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 671–694. doi:10.1080/10705510701575602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K. H. (2001). A cross-cultural study of the career maturity of Korean and United States high school students. Journal of Career Development, 28, 43–57. doi:10.1023/A:1011189931409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K. H., & Han, J. C. (1997). The maturity of career attitude comparison research according to high school students’ gender difference and curricula. Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 9, 335–349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2010). Mplus user’s guide (6th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.

  • Nylund, K. L., Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. O. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 535–569. doi:10.1080/10705510701575396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osipow, S. H. (1999). Assessing career indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55, 146–155. doi:vbe.1999.1704.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osipow, S. H., Carney, C. G., Winer, J., Yanico, B., & Koschier, M. (1976). Career decision scale (3rd ed. rev.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

  • Phillips, S. D., & Panzienza, N. J. (1988). History and theory of the assessment of career development and decision-making. In W. B. Walsh & S. H. Osipow (Eds.), Career decision making (pp. 1–32). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rojewski, J. W. (1994). Career indecision types for rural adolescents from disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged backgrounds. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41, 356–363. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.41.3.356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saka, N., Gati, I., & Kelly, K. R. (2008). Emotional and personality-related aspects of career-decision-making difficulties. Journal of Career Assessment, 16, 403–424. doi:10.1177/1069072708318900.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santos, P. J., & Coimbra, J. L. (2000). Psychological separation and dimensions of career indecision in secondary school students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56, 346–362. doi:10.1006/jvbe.2000.1719.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savickas, M. L. (1997). Career adaptability: An integrative construct for life-span, life theory. Career Development Quarterly, 45, 247–259. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb00469.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (pp. 42–70). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savickas, M. L., & Jarjoura, D. (1991). The career decision scale as a type indicator. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 85–90. doi:10.1037//0022-0167.38.1.85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skorikov, V. (2007). Continuity in adolescent career preparation and its effects on adjustment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70, 8–24. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2006.04.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slaney, R. B. (1980). Expressed choice and vocational indecision. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27, 122–129. doi:10.1037//0022-0167.27.2.122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slaney, R. B. (1988). The assessment of career decision making. In W. B. Walsh & S. H. Osipow (Eds.), Career decision making (pp. 33–76). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stringer, K., Kerpelman, J., & Skorikov, V. (2011). Career preparation: A longitudinal, process-oriented examination. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79, 158–169. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.12.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tak, J., & Lee, K. H. (2003). Development of the Korean Career Indecision Inventory. Journal of Career Assessment, 11, 328–345. doi:10.1177/1069072703254503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vignoli, E., Croity-Belz, S., Chapeland, V., de Fillipis, A., & Garcia, M. (2005). Career exploration in adolescents: The role of anxiety, attachment, and parenting style. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 153–168. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2004.08.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whiston, S. (1996). The relationship among family interaction patterns and career indecision and career decision-making self-efficacy. Journal of Career Development, 23, 137–149. doi:10.1177/089484539602300204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zener, T. B., & Schnuelle, L. (1976). Effects of the self-directed search on high school students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 23, 353–359. doi:10.1037//0022-0167.23.4.353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We wish to thank Donghyuck Lee for his helpful comments on an earlier version of this article. We also wish to acknowledge Editor Jérôme Rossier and anonymous reviewers for their helpful feedback and suggestions on the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Program of Workforce Education, University of Georgia, 214 River’s Crossing, 850 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    In Heok Lee

  2. Program of Workforce Education, University of Georgia, 210 River’s Crossing, 850 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Jay W. Rojewski

  3. Program of Workforce Education, University of Georgia, 209 River’s Crossing, 850 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Roger B. Hill

Authors
  1. In Heok Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jay W. Rojewski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Roger B. Hill
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to In Heok Lee.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lee, I.H., Rojewski, J.W. & Hill, R.B. Classifying Korean adolescents’ career preparedness. Int J Educ Vocat Guidance 13, 25–45 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-012-9236-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-012-9236-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation