Skip to main content
Log in

Surface effects of surface nanowires on the dynamic behavior of a quartz crystal resonator under the thickness-shear mode vibrations

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Acta Mechanica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, a coupling dynamic model on an acoustic wave sensor system, consisting of a thickness-shear mode quartz crystal resonator (QCR) and an array of surface nanowires (NWs), has been established including the surface effects of NWs. The governing equations of NWs are derived from the Timoshenko beam theory in consideration of shear deformation and rotary inertia. The electrical admittance is described directly in terms of the physical properties of the surface NWs from an electrically forced vibration analysis. The effects of residual surface tension \(\tau _{0}\) and surface elasticity \(E_\mathrm{s}\) of NWs on the admittance spectra and vibration modes of the compound QCR system are examined, and some useful results are obtained, which will be helpful to the design of nanosized beams loaded acoustic wave sensors and some related applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Benes, E.: Improved quartz crystal microbalance technique. J. Appl. Phys. 56, 608–626 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Li, F., Wang, J.H.-C., Wang, Q.-M.: Thickness shear mode acoustic wave sensors for characterizing the viscoelastic properties of cell monolayer. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 128, 399–406 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Qin, L., Cheng, H., Li, J.M., Wang, Q.-M.: Characterization of polymer nanocomposite films using quartz thickness shear mode (TSM) acoustic wave sensor. Sens. Actuators A Phys. 136, 111–117 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Reed, C.E., Kanazawa, K.K., Kaufman, J.H.: Physical description of a viscoelastically loaded AT-cut quartz resonator. J. Appl. Phys. 68, 1993–2001 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Liu, B., Jiang, Q., Yang, J.: Frequency shifts in a quartz plate piezoelectric resonator in contact with a viscous fluid under a separated electrode. Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech. 35, 177–187 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Liu, N., Yang, J., Wang, J.: Shear vibration of a crystal plate carrying an array of microbeams. Philos. Mag. Lett. 91, 572–581 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Kong, L., Xie, X., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Hu, Y.: On the interaction between a quartz crystal resonator and an array of micro-beams in thickness-shear vibrations. Acta Mech. Solida Sin. 28, 464–470 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kong, L.-C., Hu, Y.-T.: Effect of strain-gradients of surface micro-beams on frequency-shift of a quartz crystal resonator under thickness-shear vibrations. Acta Mech. Sin. 31, 647–652 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Xie, J., Hu, Y.: A two-dimensional model on the coupling thickness-shear vibrations of a quartz crystal resonator loaded by an array spherical-cap viscoelastic material units. Ultrasonics 71, 194–198 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Xie, J., Hu, Y.: Electric admittance analysis of quartz crystal resonator in thickness-shear mode induced by array of surface viscoelastic micro-beams. Appl. Math. Mech. 38, 29–38 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Husain, A., Hone, J., Postma, H.W.C., Huang, X.M.H., Drake, T., Barbic, M., Scherer, A., Roukes, M.L.: Nanowire-based very-high-frequency electromechanical resonator. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 1240–1242 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Li, M., Mayer, T.S., Sioss, J.A., Keating, C.D., Bhiladvala, R.B.: Template-grown metal nanowires as resonators: performance and characterization of dissipative and elastic properties. Nano Lett. 7, 3281–3284 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Chen, C.Q., Shi, Y., Zhang, Y.S., Zhu, J., Yan, Y.J.: Size dependence of Young’s modulus in ZnO nanowires. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 1–4 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Jing, G.Y., Duan, H.L., Sun, X.M., Zhang, Z.S., Xu, J., Li, Y.D., Wang, J.X., Yu, D.P.: Surface effects on elastic properties of silver nanowires: contact atomic-force microscopy. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 73, 1–6 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Lachut, M.J., Sader, J.E.: Effect of surface stress on the stiffness of cantilever plates. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 206102 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Xu, L., Fan, H.: Torsional waves in nanowires with surface elasticity effect. Acta Mech. 227, 1783–1790 (2016)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Gurtin, M.E., Markenscoff, X., Thurston, R.N.: Effect of surface stress on the natural frequency of thin crystals. Appl. Phys. Lett. 29, 529–530 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. He, Q., Lilley, C.M.: Resonant frequency analysis of Timoshenko nanowires with surface stress for different boundary conditions. J. Appl. Phys. 112, 74322 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Babaei Gavan, K., Westra, H.J.R., Van Der Drift, E.W.J.M., Venstra, W.J., Van Der Zant, H.S.J.: Size-dependent effective Young’s modulus of silicon nitride cantilevers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 53–56 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Timoshenko, S.P.: LXVI. On the correction for shear of the differential equation for transverse vibrations of prismatic bars. Philos. Mag. Ser. 6 41, 744–746 (1921)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Huang, Y., Zhang, M., Rong, H.W.: Buckling analysis of axially functionally graded and non-uniform beams based on Timoshenko theory. Acta Mech. Solida Sin. 29, 200–207 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. He, J., Lilley, C.M.: Surface effect on the elastic behavior of static bending nanowires. Nano Lett. 8, 1798–1802 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Wang, G.-F., Feng, X.-Q.: Effects of surface elasticity and residual surface tension on the natural frequency of microbeams. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 231904 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Tiersten, H.F.: Linear Piezoelectric Plate Vibrations. Springer, Boston (1969)

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuantai Hu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xie, J., Fan, S., Chen, X. et al. Surface effects of surface nanowires on the dynamic behavior of a quartz crystal resonator under the thickness-shear mode vibrations. Acta Mech 228, 2443–2453 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-017-1845-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-017-1845-0

Navigation