Abstract
The individual compounds in an emulsion system of water, a commercial surfactant, Laureth 4, and salicylic acid were brought into contact in order to estimate the difference between emulsion phase changes during evaporation and those expected from equilibrium conditions. The transfer of compounds between the phases was followed by visual observation of new phases appearing and the movement of the interfaces. The results showed the structure of the phases to exert a strong effect on the rate of the relocation of the compounds between the phases. The most conspicuous effect was found in the actions involving the solid phase, but even the isotropic liquid phases revealed significant differences in the rate of inter-phase transfer due to difference in diffusion rate between single molecules and inverse micelles.
References
Sjoeblom J (2001) Handbook of emulsion technology. Marcel Dekker, New York, USA
Bibette J, Leal-Calderon F, Poulin P (1999) Emulsions: basic principles. Rep Prog Phys 62:969–1033
Binks PB (1998) Modern aspects of emulsion science. Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK
McClements DJ (2005) Food emulsions. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FA, USA
Aserine A (2008) Multiple emulsions. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, USA
Fan H, Van Swol F, Lu Y, Brinker CJ (2001) Multiphased assembly of nanoporous silica particles. J Non-Crystalline Solids 285:71–78
Zarur AJ, Ying JY (2000) Microemulsion synthesis of nanostructured complex oxides for catalytic combustion. Nature 403:65–67
Chen DH, Chen CJ (2002) Formation and characterization of Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles in water-in-oil microemulsions. J Mater Chem 12:1557–1562
Alberius PCA, Frindell KL, Hayward RC, Kramer EJ, Stucky GS, Chmelka BF (2002) General predictive syntheses of cubic, hexagonal, and lamellar silica and titania mesostructured thin films. Chem Mater 14:3284–3294
Andersson N, Kronberg B, Corkery R, Alberius P (2007) Combined emulsion and solvent evaporation (ESE) synthesis route to well-ordered mesoporous materials. Langmuir 23:1459–1464
Gonzales KE, Sjunua J, Baraton MJ (1998) Synthesis and surface characterization of functionalized polyactide copolymer particles. Biomaterials 19:1501–1505
Lorenceau E, Utada AS, Link DR, Cristobal G, Joanicot M, Weitz DA (2005) Generation of polymerosomes from double-emulsions. Langmuir 21:9183–9186
Behera BC, Sahoo SK, Dhai S, Barik BB, Gupta BK (2008) Characterization of glipizide-loaded polymethacrylate microspheres prepared by an emulsion evaporation method. Tropical J Pharm Res 7:879–885
Lin KH, Lai LJ, Chang ChCh, Chen H (2008) Assembly of microspheres with polymer shells by evaporating emulsion droplets. Phys Rev E 78:408–413
Della Porta G, Reverchon E (2008) Nanostructured microspheres produced by supercritical fluid extraction of emulsions. Biotechnol. Bioeng 100:2362–2378
Kamyshny A, Ben-Moshe M, Aviezer S, Magdassi S (2005) Ink-jet printing of metallic nanoparticles and microemulsions. Macromol Rapid Commun 26:281–288
Sarikaya Y, Seving I, Onal M, Aroglu A (2001) Determination of some of the physicochemical properties of fine alumina powder prepared by emulsions evaporation. Turk J Chem 25:283–291
Pearce EI, Tomlinson A, Blades KJ, Falkenberg HK, Lindsay B, Wilson CG (2000) Effect of an oil and water emulsion on tear evaporation rate. Cornea 19:114–117
Liu J, Zhang Z, Zhong Z, He Q (2006) Study of the oppression of EGFP; TK loaded PLGA-nanoparticles in hepatocarcinoma cells. Asian J Pharm Sci 1:193–198
Blino VI, Dobrynina VV (1971) Evaporation of emulsion drops in still air. J Eng Phys Thermophys 21:973–978
Aranberri I, Binks BP, Clint JH, Fletcher PDI (2004) Evaporation rates of water from concentrated oil-in-water emulsions. Langmuir 20:2069–2074
Beverley KJ, Clint JH, Fletcher PDI (1999) Evaporation rates of pure liquids measured using a gravimetric technique. Phys Chem Chem Phys 1:149–153
Beverley KJ, Clint JH, Fletcher PDI (2000) Evaporation rates of structured and non-structured liquid mixtures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2:4173–4177
Aranberri I, Beverley KJ, Binks BP, Clint JH, Fletcher PDI (2002) How do emulsions evaporate? Langmuir 18:3471–3475
Aranberri I, Binks BP, Clint JH, Fletcher PDI (2003) Retardation of oil drop evaporation from oil-in-water emulsions. Chem Comm 21:2538–2539
Plawsky JL, Ojha M, Chatterjee A, Wayner PC (2008) A review of the effects of surface topography, surface chemistry and fluid physics on evaporation at the contact line. Chem Eng Comm 196:658–696
Kapilashrami A, Eskilsson K, Bergstrom L, Malmsten M (2004) Effects of oil viscosity and substrate energy on drying of diluted O/W emulsions. Colloids Surf A: Physicochem Eng Asp 233:155–161
Saettone MF, Annipieri E, Cervetto L, Eschini N, Carelli V (1980) Electrical impedance changes and water content in O/W emulsions during evaporation. Int J Cosmet Sci 2(2):63–75
Friberg SE, Huang T, Aikens PA (1997) Phase changes during evaporation from a vegetable oil emulsion stabilized by a polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitanoleate, Tween 80. Colloids Surf A: Physicochem Eng Asp 121:1–7
Friberg SE, Al-Bawab A (2005) Analytical expressions to calculate relative amounts of phases in a three-phase emulsion. Langmuir 21:9896–9900
Friberg SE (2006) Weight fractions in a three-phase emulsion with an L(α) Phase. Colloids Surf A: Physicochem Eng Asp 282–283:369–376
Friberg SE (2007) Evaporation from a three-phase emulsion. Can J Chem Eng 85:602–608
Friberg SE (2007) Evaporation from a limonene emulsion. J Dispersion Sci Technol 28:11–20
Friberg SE, Al-Bawab A, Odeh F, Bozeya A, Aikens PA (2009) Emulsion evaporation path: a first comparison of experimental and calculated values. Colloids Surf A: Physicochem Eng Asp 338:102–106
Neogi P, Kim M, Friberg SE (1985) Hydrocarbon extraction into a surfactant phase with a non-ionic surfactant. Sep Sci Technol 20:613–622
Friberg SE, Podzimek M, Neogi P (1986) Transient liquid crystals in a W/O microemulsion. J Dispersion Sci Technol 7:57–79
Miller CA, Neogi P (2008) Interfacial phenomena equilibrium and dynamic effects. CRC Press, Baton Rouge FA, USA
Masliyah JH, Bhattacharjee S (2006) Electrokinetic and colloid transport phenomena. Wiley Interscience, NJ, USA
Al-Bawb A, Friberg SE, Bergamashi M, DosSantos ODP (2007) Some non-equilibrium phenomena in the malic acid /water polysorbate 81 system. Int J Pharm 332:140–146
Sternling CV, Scriven LE (1959) Hydrodynamic stabilization and the marangoni effect. J AIChE 5:514–523
Kakiuchi T (2002) Electrochemical instability of the liquid/liquid interface in the presence of ionic surfactant adsorption. J Electroanal Chem 536:63–66
Ruschak KJ, Miller CA (1972) Spontaneous emulsification in ternary systems with mass transfer. Ind Eng Chem Fundam 11:574–583
Miller CA (1988) Spontaneous emulsification produced by diffusion: a review. Colloids Surf A: Physicochem Eng Asp 29:89–102
Shahidzadeh N, Bonn D, Meunier J (1997) A new mechanism of spontaneous emulsification: relation to surfactant properties. Europhys Let 40:459–464
Tauer K, Kozempel S, Rother G (2007) The interface engine: experimental consequences. J Colloid Interface Sci 312:432–438
Sacanna S, Kegel WK, Philipse AP (2007) Spontaneous oil-in-water emulsification induced by charge-stabilized dispersions of various inorganic colloids. Langmuir 98:10496–10492
Sajjadi S, Jahanzad F, Brooks BW (2002) Phase inversion in abnormal O/W/O emulsions: effect of surfactant concentration. Ind Eng Chem Res 41:6033–6041
Sajjadi S, Jahanzad F, Yianneskis M, Brooks BW (2003) Phase inversion in abnormal O/W/O emulsions: effect of surfactant hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. Ind Eng Chem Res 42:3571–3577
Sajjadi S, Zerfa M, Brooks BW (2003) Phase inversion in p-xylene-water emulsions with the non-ionic surfactant pair sorbitan monolaurate/polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Span20/Tween20). Colloids Surf A: Physicochem Eng Asp 218:241–254
Salager JL, Marquéz L, Peña AA, Rondón M, Silva F, Tyrode E (2000) Current phenomenological know-how and modelling of emulsion inversion. Ind Eng Chem Res 39:2665–2675
Salager JL, Forgiarini A, Marquéz L, Peña A, Pizzino A, Rodriguez MP, González MR (2004) Using emulsion inversion in industrial process. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 259(108–109):259–272
Friberg SE, Al-Bawab A (2006) Phase behavior of beta-hydroxy acids with Laureth 4. J Pharm Sci 95:1834–1840
Wennerstrom H (1990) The unbinding transition lamellar phase-lamellar phase coexistence. Langmuir 6:834–836
Rong G, Yang Y, Friberg SE, Aikens PA, Greenshields J (1996) Complex lamellar structure of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan mono-oleate and a fatty acid/lecithin lamellar liquid crystal. Langmuir 12:4286–4291
Koetz J, Kosmella S (1999) Polymers in liquid crystals. Curr Op Colloid Interface Sci 4:348–353
Koetz J, Tiersch B, Bogen I (2000) Polyeletrolyte-induced vesicle formation in lamellar liquid-crystalline model systems. Colloid Polym Sci 278:164–168
Varade D, Kunieda H, Strey R, Stubenrauch CJ (2006) Disconnected lamellar phases (Lα) in pseudobinary water-non-ionic surfactant systems: a general phenomenon. J Colloid Interface Sci 300:338–342
Frank C, Strey R, Schmidt C, Stubenrauch C (2007) Coexisting lamellar phases in a water-oil-surfactant system induced by addition of a block-co-polymer. J Colloid Interface Sci 312:78–86
Campbell S, Yang H, Patel R, Friberg SE, Aikens A (1997) Kinetics of vesicle formation. Colloid Polym Sci 275:303–306
Campbell S, Zhang Z, Friberg SE, Patel R (1998) Kinetics of formation of vesicles from lecithin/sodium xylenesulphonate micelles from stopped-flow measurements. Langmuir 14:590–598
Chen J, Ge LL, Friberg SE, Guo R (in press) Inter-phase transport in a salicylic acid emulsion. J Dispersion Sci Technol (in press)
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 20633010 and 20773106).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, J., Ge, L., Friberg, S.E. et al. Initial inter-phase transport of compounds in a model emulsion system. Colloid Polym Sci 288, 479–486 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-009-2166-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-009-2166-1