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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Conferring Tolerance to Biotic Stresses in Plants

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Abstract

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between the roots of plants with fungi. Among the various types of mycorrhizal fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most prominent as they are obligate symbionts with a wide host range, and they play a major role in shaping ecosystems and associated productivity. Approximately 71% of vascular plant species are able to form symbiotic association with AMF. AMF primarily rely on the host for photosynthates but give much more in return for the well-being of the host plant. Most importantly they are able to improve tolerance of host plants against various biotic stresses, such as—bacterial, fungal, viral, nematode phytopathogens and herbivores. The underlying mechanism includes—competition for nutrients, space, and host photosynthates, rhizosphere alteration and host defense induction. The effectiveness of an AM association in conferring biotic stress tolerance is context dependent, affected by various biotic and abiotic factors. This review describes various mechanisms involved in AMF mediated biotic stress tolerance in plant and the biotic and abiotic factors which influences the performance of AM association.

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Abbreviations

AMF:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

AM:

Arbuscular mycorrhiza

PPN:

Plant pathogenic nematodes

MAMP:

Microbe associated molecular patterns

MTI:

MAMP triggered immunity

ETI:

Effector triggered immunity

PGPR:

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

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Acknowledgements

NA would like to acknowledge Department of Science and Technology-Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB) for providing Early Career Research Award Grant (ECR/2017/000710). We sincerely apologise to our contemporaries whose work could not be discussed in this article due to space restrictions.

Funding

Department of Science and Technology-Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB) Early Career Research Award Grant (ECR/2017/000710), University Grants Commission (Grant No F30.-386/2017) and Scheme for promoting research among young faculty (GU/Acad/YFPGC/50/2018/1738-79/05) provide to NA Gauhati University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India

    Bhaskar Dowarah & Niraj Agarwala

  2. Department of Botany, Bahona College, Bahona, Jorhat, Assam, 785101, India

    Bhaskar Dowarah

  3. Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India

    Sarvajeet Singh Gill

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  1. Bhaskar Dowarah
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  3. Niraj Agarwala
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NA had the idea for the article, NA and BD carried out the literature search, BD wrote the manuscript, NA and SSG critically revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Niraj Agarwala.

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Dowarah, B., Gill, S.S. & Agarwala, N. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Conferring Tolerance to Biotic Stresses in Plants. J Plant Growth Regul 41, 1429–1444 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10392-5

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