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Analysis of DNA Polymerase λ Activity and Gene Expression in Response to Salt and Drought Stress in Oryza sativa Indica Rice Cultivars

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Abstract

The plants are constantly subjected to varying degree of environmental stress. These stresses results in severe damage to the DNA of the plants, which if not repaired can lead to the impairment of their genetic material, and can prove fatal for the plants. The present work studies the damage to the genomic DNA in response to salinity and drought stress on the indica rice cultivars. The comet assay results showed that maximum DNA damage was seen in the IR29 cultivar, whereas, the Nonabokra cultivar showed minimal DNA damage. The gene expression profiling of DNA polymerase λ (OsPolλ), the only X family DNA polymerase in rice which is involved in the repair of DNA damage, shows that the gene is up-regulated in all the rice cultivars irrespective of their degree of tolerance to the environmental stresses. Further the enzymatic activity of the OsPolλ protein was studied in the three rice cultivars and it was revealed that the OsPolλ activity increases in response to stresses in all the rice cultivars, however, the salinity-susceptible IR29 showed a more prominent increases in the activity of OsPolλ than Nonabokra (salinity tolerant) and N22 (drought tolerant) cultivars. The study on the upstream regions of the OsPolλ gene to identify the different cis acting upstream elements effecting the gene expression showed the presence of unique stress responsive regulatory elements was detected in the upstream region of OsPolλ gene. The present study suggest that the OsPolλ gene expression and enzymatic activity is enhanced in response to these abiotic stress, thus, playing an important role in the repair of salinity and drought induced DNA damages in indica rice cultivars.

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Abbreviations

cv:

Cultivar

ddNTP:

Dideoxynucleotidetriphosphate

PEG 6000:

Polyethylene glycol 6000

PMSF:

Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride

PVDF:

Polyvinylidenedifluoride

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Acknowledgements

The authors want to thank Dr. S.H. Wilson and Dr. R. Prasad, NIEHS, USA for the polyclonal antibody. Thanks to Mrs. Kaberi Ghosh, Mr. Jadab Ghosh (Divisional instrument facility, Main Campus) and Mr. Mrinal Das and Mr. Ashim Poddar (Centenary Building) for technical help. We are highly grateful to Dr. Vivek Arora (ARO, Israel) for his valuable suggestions during preparation of the manuscript. SS and SB acknowledge DST-INSPIRE and UGC Teacher fellowship.

Funding

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the DST-SERB project (SR/SO/PS-66/2013) and the Director, Bose Institute (Financed by DST, Government of India, New Delhi).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, 93/1 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700009, India

    Sayantani Sihi, Soumitra Maiti, Arup Nayak & Dibyendu Narayan Sengupta

  2. Vidyasagar College for Women, 39 Sankar Ghosh Lane, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700006, India

    Sankar Bakshi

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  1. Sayantani Sihi
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Contributions

SS and DNS designed the experiments. SS conducted the experiments with the help from SB, SM and AN. SS, SB and DNS wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Dibyendu Narayan Sengupta.

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344_2021_10390_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Fig.S.1 Photographs of (A) IR29 (B) Nonabokra (C) N22 seedlings from three different indica rice cultivars under salt, and drought stressfor 4 hours and 8 hours. (a) 8-d old control seedlings, (b) 8-d old seedlings under 4 h of 250mM NaCl, (c) 8-d old seedlings under 8 h of 250mM NaCl, (d) 8-d old seedlings under 4 h of 20% PEG-6000, (e) 8-d old seedlings under 8 h of 20% PEG-6000 (f) 12-d old control seedlings, (g) 12-d old seedlings under 4 h of 250mM NaCl, (h) 12-d old seedlings under 8 h of 250mM NaCl, (i) 12-d old seedlings under 4 h of 20% PEG-6000, (j) 12-d old seedlings under 8 h of 20% PEG-6000 (JPG 256 kb)

344_2021_10390_MOESM2_ESM.jpg

Fig. S.2 Equal amount (10 µg) of proteins from 8-d old seedlings of IR29 (a) , Nonabokra (b), N22 (c), and 12-d old seedlings of IR29 (d), Nonabokra (e), N22 (f) loaded as shown in coomassie brilliant blue R250 stained 10% SDS PAGE. Lanes represent- M- Marker, CS- Control Shoot, CR- Control Root, N4S- 4 h of 250mM NaCl Shoot, N4R- 4 h of 250mM NaCl Root, N8S- 8 h of 250mM NaCl Shoot, N8R- 8 h of 250mM NaCl Root, P4S- 4 h of 20% PEG-6000 Shoot, P4R- 4 h of 20% PEG-6000 Root, P8S- 4 h of 20% PEG-6000 Shoot and P8R- 8 h of 20% PEG-6000 Root (JPG 188 kb)

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Sihi, S., Bakshi, S., Maiti, S. et al. Analysis of DNA Polymerase λ Activity and Gene Expression in Response to Salt and Drought Stress in Oryza sativa Indica Rice Cultivars. J Plant Growth Regul 41, 1499–1515 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10390-7

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