Abstract
With the purpose of improving the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN), a multiple doping strategy was tested in this research. Piezoceramics with composition [(K0.5Na0.5)0.94Li0.06]0.97La0.01(Nb0.9Ta0.1)O3 were prepared by the traditional ceramic method. The calcined powders were sintered in their own atmosphere at 1,100 °C for 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 h. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the Li+, La3+ and Ta5+ cations diffuse into the KNN structure to form a perovskite-structured solid solution. For 1 h sintering time, a dominant orthorhombic phase is obtained, whereas for the longer times, the dominant phase was tetragonal. The presence of a tetragonal tungsten–bronze minority second phase is confirmed. Scanning electron micrographs show rectangular-shaped grains with a mean size of 1.1 ± 0.2 μm. The existence of pores and traces of a liquid phase favoring grain growth and homogeneity is also observed. Experimental results show an enhancement of the permittivity associated with the enlargement of the c parameter of the cell that increases with sintering time. Li+ incorporation into the structure is made evident by its transition temperature at 400 °C different from those of KNNLaTi (81–110 °C) and KNNLaTa (340 °C). An analysis of the phase transition of the samples indicates a normal rather than a diffuse transition. The electromechanical parameters k p, Q m, σ p, s 11, d 31 and g 31 are determined and compared to those of commercial PZT ceramics.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to E. Aparicio and Carlos Díaz Moreno for the XRD measurements and to Odín Vázquez for the SEM micrographs and Dr. Arbelio Pentón for his advice on the FullProf software. Supports from PAPIME PE 100409, Programa México, Centroamérica y el Caribe para el avance de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Innovación CONACYT-ICTP-SMF, grants from DGAPA-PAPIIT-UNAM No. IN106414, 1N112610, IN107312, CONACYT 127633, 174391 and 166286 and project PNAP 10/2012 ICIMAF-Cuba are greatly acknowledged. One of the authors, J. F. thanks DGAPA-UNAM for financial support.
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Fuentes, J., Portelles, J., Durruthy-Rodríguez, M.D. et al. Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the KNN ceramic compound doped with Li, La and Ta. Appl. Phys. A 118, 709–715 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8783-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8783-7