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LC-MS analysis and environmental risk of lipid regulators

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Abstract

This article presents a review of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (LC-MS) methods applied to the determination of lipid-regulating agents, “fibrate” and “statin” classes, and some of their metabolites (clofibric acid and fenofibric acid) in environmental samples. Concentration levels of this therapeutical group have been reported in the ppt to ppb range for different compartments (wastewater, surface water and sediments) in several monitoring studies. Part of this article is dedicated to hazard assessment of lipid-regulating agents according to the approaches of the European Union (EU) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for identifying persistent, bioaccumulable and toxic (PBT) substances. The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic activities of these pharmaceuticals are well known and, based on this information, the derivation of the potential long-term effects, which may be induced on eco-organisms at low concentration levels, is discussed. Studies of environmental risk assessment (ERA) for lipid regulators carried out through the framework of the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are presented.

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Acknowledgements

This study has been financially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia Projects (CTM2004-06265-CO3-01, PPQ2002-04573-C04-03 and CE-CSD2006-004). M.D. Hernando acknowledges the research contract (contrato de retorno de investigadores) from Consejería de Educación y Ciencia de la Junta de Andalucía, Spain.

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  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain

    M. D. Hernando, A. Agüera & A. R. Fernández-Alba

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  1. M. D. Hernando
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  2. A. Agüera
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  3. A. R. Fernández-Alba
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Correspondence to M. D. Hernando.

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Hernando, M.D., Agüera, A. & Fernández-Alba, A.R. LC-MS analysis and environmental risk of lipid regulators. Anal Bioanal Chem 387, 1269–1285 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0781-y

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