Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Isolation and determination of ginsenosides in American ginseng leaves and root extracts by LC-MS

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ginseng saponins (ginsenosides) were extracted from the root and leaves of locally cultivated American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.). For the isolation of compounds from plant samples three different extraction methods were utilized: accelerated solvent extraction, the ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction and mechanical shaking assisted solvent extraction. The separation of compounds was achieved with a water–acetonitrile gradient system using a C18 reversed-phase column. Target compounds were identified in MS2 and MS3 experiments. The relative distribution of these ginsenosides in each root and leaf extract was established. The limit of detection of the method was less than 30 ng/ml. Recovery of ginseng saponins in spiked samples exceeded 80%, while the relative standard deviation ranged from 7.1 to 9.1%. The total concentrations of ginsenosides were 41 and 13 mg/g in root and leaves.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ludwiczuk A, Wolski T, Berbeć S (2002) J Planar Chromatogr 15:147–150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Corthout J, Naessens T, Apers S, Vlietinck AJ (1999) J Pharm Biomed Anal 21:187–192

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Gafner S, Bergson C, McCollom MM, Cooper LM, McPhail KL, Gerwick WH, Angerhofer CK (2004) J Agric Food Chem 52:1546–1550

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Li Z, Guo YY (1999) J Pharm Pharmacol 51:435–440

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Assinewe VE, Arnason JT (2002) Phytomedicine 9:398–404

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Xie JT, Mehendale SR, Wang A, Han AH, Wu JA, Osinski J, Yuan CS (2004) Pharmacol Res 49:113–117

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Popovich DG, Kitts DD (2004) Phytochemistry 65:337–344

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Fei XF, Wang BX, Tashiro S, Li TJ, Ma JS, Ikejima T (2002) Acta Pharmacol Sin 23:315–322

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Keum YS, Han SS, Chun KS, Park KK, Park JH, Lee SK, Surh YJ (2003) Mutat Res 75–85:523–524

    Google Scholar 

  10. Li W, Gu C, Zhang H, Awang DVC, Fitzloff JF, Fong HHS, Bremen RB (2000) Anal Chem 72:5417–5422

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Fuzzati N, Bagetta B, Jayakar K, Pace R, Peterlongo F (1999) J Chromatogr A 857:69–79

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Chan TWD, But PP, Chang SW, Kwok IMY, Lau FW, Xu HX (2000) Anal Chem 72:1281–1287

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Vongsangnak W, Gua J, Chauvatcharin S, Zhong JJ (2004) Biochem Eng J 18:115–120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Fang Q, Yeung HW, Leung HW, Huie CW (2000) J Chromatogr A 904:47–55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wang HC, Chen CR, Chang CJ (2001) Food Chem 72:505–509

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Benthin B, Danz H, Hamburger H (1999) J Chromatogr A 837:211–219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Suomi J, Siren H, Hartonen K, Riekkola ML (2000) J Chromatogr A 868:73–78

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Schieffer G, Pfeiffer K (2001) J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 24:2415–2427

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Choi MPK, Chan KKC, Leung HW, Huie CW (2003) J Chromatogr A 983:53–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kwon JH, Belanger JMR, Pare JRJ, Yaylayan VA (2003) Food Res Int 36:491–498

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Shu YY, Ko MY, Chang YS (2003) Microchem J 74:131–139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Cui J (1995) Eur J Pharm Sci 3:77–85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Shangguan D, Han H, Zhao R, Zhao Y, Xiong S, Liu G (2001) J Chromatogr 910:367–372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Park MK, Park JH, Han SB, Shin YG, Park IH (1996) J Chromatogr A 736:77–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Park MK, Park JH, Lee MY, Kim SJ, Park IJ (1994) J Liq Chromatogr 17:1171–1178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Cai Z, Qian T, Wong RNS, Jiang ZH (2003) Anal Chim Acta 492:283–293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Nicol RW, Yousef L, Traquair JA, Bernards MA (2003) Phytochemistry 64:257–264

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Fuzzati N (2004) J Chromatogr 812:119–133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wang X, Sakuma T, Asafu-Adjaye E, Shiu GK (1999) Anal Chem 71:1579–1584

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ackloo SZ, Smith RW, Terlouw JK, McCarry BE (2000) Analyst 125:591–597

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. van Breeemen RB, Huang CR (1995) Anal Chem 67:3985–3989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Song F, Liu Z, Liu S, Cai Z (2005) Anal Chim Acta 531:69–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank to S. Witkowski (S. Witko, Łódż, Poland) for donation of LC–MS grade solvents and E. Cichaczewska (Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń) for technical assistance during the experiments. This work was supported by UMK grant No. 328-Ch.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Street, 87100, Toruń, Poland

    T. Ligor & B. Buszewski

  2. Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Laboratory, Skubiszewski Medical University, 1 Chodźki Street, 20093, Lublin, Poland

    A. Ludwiczuk & T. Wolski

Authors
  1. T. Ligor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Ludwiczuk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. T. Wolski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. B. Buszewski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. Buszewski.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ligor, T., Ludwiczuk, A., Wolski, T. et al. Isolation and determination of ginsenosides in American ginseng leaves and root extracts by LC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 383, 1098–1105 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-0120-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-0120-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation