Skip to main content
Log in

Glaucoma screening

Too little, too late?

  • Screening
  • Published:
Journal of General Internal Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Screening for glaucoma, usually by measuring intraocular pressure, has been popular, but repeated analysis indicates poor sensitivity and specificity. More extensive testing is required. Such testing should be focused on high-risk groups, including blacks and the elderly. Regular comprehensive eye examinations, on a schedule adjusted for these and other risk factors, are probably the most cost-efficient means of identifying patients with glaucoma. The primary care provider has a pivotal role: to encourage patients to undergo such examinations when warranted; and to encourage those on intraocular-pressure-lowering medications to comply with their medication use.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to clinical preventive services: an assessment of the effectiveness of 169 interventions. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Sommer A. Disabling ocular disorders. In: Last JM, ed. (Maxcy-Rosenau) Public health and preventive medicine. 12th ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1986;1297–311.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Power EJ, Wagner JL, Duffy BM. Screening for open-angle glaucoma in the elderly. Washington, DC: Office on Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Sommer A. Epidemiology and statistics for the ophthalmologist. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Leske MC. The epidemiology of open-angle glaucoma: a review. Am J Epidemiol. 1983;118:166–91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Preferred practice pattern: primary open angle glaucoma. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology, 1989.

  7. Sommer A. Epidemiology as it relates to screening for glaucoma (summary and discussion). Surv Ophthalmol. 1989;33(suppl):441–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Sommer A. Intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989;107:186–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. David R, Livingston DG, Luntz MH. Ocular hypertension. A long-term follow-up of treated and untreated patients. Br J Ophthalmol. 1977;61:668–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hollow FC, Graham PA. Intraocular pressure, glaucoma and glaucoma suspects in a defined population. Br J Ophthalmol. 1966;50:570–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Sommer A, Tielsch J. Preliminary results of the Baltimore Eye Study (personal communication, 1989).

  12. Perkins S. The Bedford glaucoma survey. I. Long-term follow-up of borderline cases. Br J Ophthalmol. 1973;57:179–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Sommer A, Enger C, Witt K. Screening for glaucomatous field loss with automated threshold perimetry. Am J Ophthalmol. 1987;103:681–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Rock WJ, Drance SM, Morgan RW. Visual field screening in glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1973;89:287–90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Quigley HA, Addicks EM, Green R. Optic nerve damage in human glaucoma. III. Quantitative correlation of nerve fiber loss and visual field defects in glaucoma, ischemic disc edema and toxic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1982;100:135–46.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sommer A, Quigley HA, Robin AL, Miller NR, Katz J, Arkell S. Evaluation of nerve fiber layer assessment. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984;102:1766–71.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Sommer A, Miller N, Pollack I, Maumene AE, George T. The nerve fiber layer in the diagnosis of glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1977;95:2149–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Katz J, Sommer A. Similarities between the visual fields of ocular hypertensive and normal eyes. Arch Ophthalmol. 1986;104:1648–51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Preferred practice pattern: the glaucoma suspect. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology, 1989.

  20. Preferred practice pattern: the comprehensive eye examination in an otherwise asymptomatic adult. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology, 1988.

  21. Hiller R, Kahn HA. Blindness from glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1975;80:62–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Martin MJ, Sommer A. Race and primary open angle glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1985;99:383–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Javitt JC, Canner JK, Sommer A. Cost effectiveness of current approaches to the control of retinopathy in type I diabetes. Ophthalmology. 1989;96:255–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Javitt JC, Canner JK, Frank RG, Steinwachs DM, Sommer A. Detecting and healing retinopathy in type-I diabetics: a health policy model. Opthalmology. 1990 (in press).

  25. Katz J, Sommer A. Risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma. Am J Prev Med. 1988;4:110–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Perkins ES, Phelps CD. Open angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, low tension glaucoma and refraction. Arch Ophthalmol. 1982;100:1464–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Drance SM, Schulzer M, Douglas GR, Sweeney VP. Use of discriminant analysis. II. Identification of persons with glaucomatous visual field defects. Arch Ophthalmol. 1978;96:1571–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Strahlman E, Ford D, Whelton P, Sommer A. Vision screening in a primary care setting: a missed opportunity. Arch Intern Med. 1990 (in press).

  29. Kass MA, Gordon M, Morley RE, Jr, Meltzer DW, Goldberg JJ. Compliance with topical timolol treatment. Am J Ophthalmol. 1987;103:188–93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Received from the Dana Center for Preventive Ophathalmology, the Wilmer Eye Institute, and the School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.

Supported by research grants #EY03605 and #ET05091 from the National Institutes of Health, and by the Johns Hopkins Health of the Public Program.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sommer, A. Glaucoma screening. J Gen Intern Med 5 (Suppl 2), S33–S37 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02600838

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02600838

Key words

Navigation