Abstract
One hundred and five strains isolated from aquifer sediments andEscherichia coli ML30S were tested for their ability to reduce manganese oxides. Eighty-two strains, includingE. coli, reduced manganese. In most cases the bacterial activity decreased the pH and Eh below 6.75 and 350 mV, respectively, enhancing a spontaneous and nonspecific reduction of manganese. However, for 12 strains the reduction was specifically catalyzed by bacteria; the high pH and Eh values would not permit a spontaneous reduction of manganese. Some of the most active strains were identified as genera common in soils and waters, i.e.,Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, andAcinetobacter. Two strains were studied in detail. One of the strains, identified asPseudomonas fluorescens, required contact between the cells and the manganese oxides for reduction to occur. The reduction was inhibited by 15 mM of sodium azide. The other strain, identified asAcinetobacter johnsonii, catalyzed manganese reduction by an inductive and dialyzable substance which was excreted by the bacteria. The mechanism involved has not been previously demonstrated.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Balkwill DL, Fredrickson JK, Thoma JM (1989) Vertical and horizontal variations in the physiological diversity of the aerobic chemoheterotrophic bacterial microflora in deep southeast coastal plain subsurface sediments. Appl. Environ Microbiol 55:1058–1065.
Bromfield SM, David DJ (1976) Sorption and oxidation of manganous ions and reduction of manganese-oxides by cell suspensions of a manganese oxidizing. Soil Biol Biochem 8:37–43.
Burdige DJ, Nealson KH (1985) Microbial manganese reduction by enrichment cultures from coastal marine sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 50:491–497.
Costerton JW, Cheng KJ, Geesey GG, Ladd TI, Nickel JC, Dasgupta M, Marrie TJ (1987) Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease.Ann Rev Microbiol 41:435–464
De Vrind JPM, Boogerd FC, De Vrind-Dejong EW (1986) Manganese reduction by a marineBacillus species. J Bacteriol 167:30–34
Ehrlich HL (1974) Response of some activities of ferromanganese bacteria to hydrostatic pressure. in Colwell RR, Morita RY (ed) Effect of the ocean environment on microbial activities. Univ. Park Press, Baltimore, MD, pp. 208–221.
Ehrlich HL (1981) The Geomicrobiology of manganese. In: Dekker M (ed) Geomicrobiology New York, pp 204–249
Ehrlich HL (1987) Manganese oxide reduction as a form of anaerobic respiration Geomicrobiol J 5:375–431
Ghiorse WC (1985) Microbial reduction of manganese and iron. In: Zehnder AJB (ed) Environmental microbiology of anaerobes. John Wiley, New York
Ghiorse WC, Ehrlich HL (1976) Electron transport components of the MnO2 reductase system and the location of the terminal reductase in a marineBacillus. Appl Microbiol 31:977–985
Gottschalk G (1988) Bacterial metabolism. Springer-Verlag (ed) Second Edition
Gounot AM, Di-Ruggiero J, Haroux C (1985) Bacterial manganese transformation in groundwaters. In: Giovannozzi-Sermanni G, Nannipieri P (eds) Current perspectives in environmental biogeochemistry. pp 371–382.
Gounot AM, Haroux C (1986) Manganese transformations in aquiferous sediments. In: Jensen JV, Kjoller A, Sorensen LH (eds) Microbial communities in soil. pp 293–304
Jauregui MA, Reisenauer HM (1982) Dissolution of oxides of manganese and iron by root exudate components. Soil Sci Soc Am J 46:314–317
Karavaiko GI, Yurchenko VA, Remizov VI, Klyushnikova TM (1986) Reduction of manganese dioxide by cell-freeAcinetobacter calcoaceticus extracts. Mikrobiologiya 55:709–714 (English trans., 553–558)
Knowles R (1982) Denitrification. Microb Rev 46:43–70
Lovley DR, Phillips EJP (1988) Novel mode of microbial energy metabolism: Organic carbon oxidation coupled to dissimilatory reduction of iron or manganese. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:1472–1480
Lovley DR, Phillips EJP, Lonergan DJ (1989) Hydrogen and formate oxidation coupled to dissimilatory reduction of iron or manganese byAlteromonas putrefaciens, Appl Environ Microbiol 55:700–706
Marshall KC (1979) Biogeochemistry of manganese minerals. In: Atrudinger P, Swaine DJ (eds) Biogeochemical cycling of mineral-forming elements. pp 253–292
Myers CR, Nealson KH (1988) Bacterial manganese reduction and growth with manganese oxide as the sole electron acceptor. Science 240:1319–1321
Patrick WH, Henderson RE (1980) Reduction and reoxidation cycles of manganese and iron in flooded soil and in water solution. Soil Sci Soc Am J 45:855–859
Pochon J, Tardieux P (1962) Techniques d'analyse en microbiologie du sol. La Tourelle (ed)
Rheinheimer G (1985) Aquatic microbiology, Wiley J (ed) New York
Robertson LA, Kuenen JG (1984) Aerobic denitrification-old wine in new bottles? Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 50:525–544
Stone AT (1987) Microbial metabolites and the reductive dissolution of manganese oxides: oxalate and pyruvate. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51:919–925
Stone AT, Morgan JJ (1984)a Reduction and dissolution of manganese (III) and manganese (IV) oxides by organics. 1. Reaction with hydroquinone. Environ Sci Technol 18:450–456
Stone AT, Morgan JJ (1984b) Reduction and dissolution of manganese (III) and manganese (IV) oxides by organics. 2. Survey of the reactivity of organics. Environ Sci Technol 18:617–624
Stumm W, Morgan JJ (1981) Aquatic chemistry. Wiley Interscience (ed) New York
Trimble RB, Ehrlich HL (1968) Bacteriology of manganese nodules. III. Reduction of MnO2 by two strains of nodule bacteria. Appl Microbiol 16:695–702
Troshanov EP (1968) Iron-and manganese-reducing microorganisms in ore-containing lakes of the Karelian Isthmus. Microbiology USSR 37:786–791
Wardell JN, Brown CM, Flannigan B (1983) Microbes and surfaces. In: Slater JH, Whittenbury R, Wimpenny JWT (eds) Microbes in their natural environments. Cambridge University Press, pp 351–378.
Zehdner AJB, Brock TD (1980) Anaerobic methane oxidation occurrence and ecology. Appl Environ Microbiol 39:194–204
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Di-Ruggiero, J., Gounot, A.M. Microbial manganese reduction mediated by bacterial strains isolated from aquifer sediments. Microb Ecol 20, 53–63 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02543866
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02543866