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Factors affecting electrode-gel-skin interface impedance in electrical impedance tomography

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Abstract

The magnitude, mismatch and temporal variations of the electrode-gel-skin interface impedance can cause problems in electrical impedance tomography (EIT) measurement. It is shown that at the high frequencies generally encountered in EIT the capacitive properties of the electrode interface, and especially those of the skin, are of primary importance. A wide range of techniques are reviewed that could possibly be used to minimise these problems. These techniques include the use of skin preparation, penetration enhancers, temperature and electrical impulses. Although several of these techniques appear very attractive, they are not without serious potential drawbacks. A combination of some of these techniques may well hold the key to success.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Northern ireland Bioengineering Centre, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, BT37 OQB, Co. Antrim, UK

    E. T. McAdams & A. Lackermeier

  2. INSERM Unit 281, 151 Cours, Albert Thomas, 69424, Lyon, Cedex 03, France

    J. Jossinet & F. Risacher

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  1. E. T. McAdams
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  2. J. Jossinet
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  3. A. Lackermeier
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  4. F. Risacher
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McAdams, E.T., Jossinet, J., Lackermeier, A. et al. Factors affecting electrode-gel-skin interface impedance in electrical impedance tomography. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 34, 397–408 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02523842

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