Skip to main content
Log in

Analysis of unreplicated three-way classifications, with applications to rater bias and trait independence

  • Published:
Psychometrika Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The seven analysis-of-variance mean squares for an unreplicated three-way classification may be written as linear combinations of a mean variance and three mean covariances. Formulas are presented for computing the mean variances and mean covariances from linear combinations of mean squares. The relevance of these formulas for assessing rater biases and trait independence is discussed, a numerical example is provided, and proposed extensions are briefly noted.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abelson, R. P. A discriminant approach to factoring three-way data tables.Amer. Psychologist, 1958,13, 375. (Abstract) (More extensive reports privately circulated.)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Campbell, D. T. and Fiske, D. W. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.Psychol. Bull., 1959,56, 81–105.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Chi, P.-L. Statistical analysis of personality rating.J. exp. Educ., 1937,5, 229–245.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cornfield, J. and Tukey, J. W. Average values of mean squares in factorials.Ann. math. Statist., 1956,27, 907–949.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cronbach, L. J. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests.Psychometrika, 1951,16, 297–334.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cronbach, L. J. The two disciplines of scientific psychology.Amer. Psychologist, 1957,12, 671–684.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Grant, D. A. Analysis-of-variance tests in the analysis and comparison of curves.Psychol. Bull., 1956,53, 141–154.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Guilford, J. P.Psychometric methods (2nd ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill, 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gulliksen, H.Theory of mental tests. New York: Wiley, 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hoyt, C. J. Test reliability estimated by analysis of variance.Psychometrika, 1941,6, 153–160.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hoyt, C. J. and Stunkard, C. L. Estimation of test reliability for unrestricted item scoring methods.Educ. psychol. Measmt, 1951,12, 756–758.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Humphreys, L. G. Note on the multitrait-multimethod matrix.Psychol. Bull., 1960,57, 86–88.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Johnson, D. M. and Vidulich, R. N. Experimental manipulation of the halo effect.J. appl. Psychol., 1956,40, 130–134.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Stanley, J. C. Fixed, random, and mixed models in the analysis of variance as special cases of a finite model.Psychol. Rep., 1956,2, 369.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Stanley, J. C. K-R 20 as the stepped-up mean item intercorrelation.14th Yrbk Natl Coun. Meas. used in Educ., 1957. Pp. 78–92.

  16. Wilk, M. B. and Kempthorne, O. Fixed, mixed, and random models.J. Amer. statist. Ass., 1955,50, 1144–1167.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wilk, M. B. and Kempthorne, O. Derived linear models and their use in the analysis of randomized experiments.WADC Tech. Rep. 55–244, Vol. II, Mar. 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Wilk, M. B. and Kempthorne, O. Some aspects of the analysis of factorial experiments in a completely randomized design.Ann. math. Statist., 1956,27, 950–985.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Willingham, W. W. and Jones, M. B. On the identification of halo through analysis of variance.Educ. psychol. Measmt, 1958,18, 403–407.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

The research reported herein was performed pursuant to a contract with the United States Office of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The assistance of Sister M. Jacinta Mann, S. C., at one stage of this investigation is gratefully acknowledged.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Stanley, J.C. Analysis of unreplicated three-way classifications, with applications to rater bias and trait independence. Psychometrika 26, 205–219 (1961). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289715

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289715

Keywords

Navigation